徐瑞瑞　高鹏　穆兴民　柴雪柯　顾朝军

摘 要：基于渭河流域32个水文站近60 a水沙数据，采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Pettitt突变检验、双累计曲线等方法分析了渭河流域不同区间水沙变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明：渭河流域62.5%（50%）区间径流量（输沙量）呈显著减少的趋势，34.36%（42.86%）区间径流量（输沙量）无显著变化趋势，仅3.12%的区间径流量和输沙量呈显著增加趋势;渭河径流量和输沙量的突变年份集中在20世纪80年代末、90年代初;泾河径流量和输沙量的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代;北洛河径流量和输沙量在21世纪初发生突变;以渭河控制站（头站和华县站）水沙之和为基础量化的人类活动和降雨量对渭河径流量减少的贡献率分别为84.86%和15.14%，对输沙量减少的贡献率为92.54%和7.46%;退耕还林（草）工程、淤地坝建设、水库拦蓄等是渭河径流量和输沙量变化的主要原因。

关键词：渭河流域;径流量;输沙量;水土保持;人类活动

中图分类号：P333   文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.03.003

Dynamic of Streamflow and Sediment Load and Its Response to Human Activities in the Weihe River Basin

XU Ruirui1， GAO Peng1，2， MU Xingmin1，2， CHAI Xueke3， GU Chaojun4

（1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation， Northwest A & F University， Yangling 712100， China; 2.Institute of Soil

and Water Conservation， Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources， Yangling 712100， China;

3.Station of Management and Protection of Dongshan Forest Area， Taiyuan 030032， China; 4.Yangtze River Basin

Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center Station， Changjiang Water Resources Commission， Wuhan 430010， China）

Abstract： This study systematically analyzed the change of streamflow and sediment load and the impact of human activitiesto the Weihe River basin based on the date from 32 hydrological stations with Mann-Kendall test， double mass curve method and Pettitt test. The results show that annual streamflow and sediment load has significant decreasing trends in 62.5% and 50% areas of the Weihe River and only 3.12% areas has significant increasing trends， others without significant trend. Change points of streamflow and sediment load are concentrated between 1980s and 1990s in 25%-28% areas of the Weihe River， while 12%-16% areas of the Jinghe River mainly are appeared in the 1990s and 6.25% areas of Beiluo River are occurred in 2000s. Meanwhile， both streamflow modulus and sediment load modulus exhibit a decreasing tendency. Double mass curve reveals that human activities contribute 84.86% for the reduction of streamflow and 92.54% for the sediment load. Therefore， human activities are the dominant factors for streamflow and sediment reduction in the Weihe River basin.

Key words： Weihe River basin; runoff; sediment discharge; soil and water conservation; human activities

自20世紀50年代以来，受气候变化和人类活动的影响，河川水文情势发生了显著变化[1-2]。渭河作为黄河的最大支流，被陕西人誉为“母亲河”，其流域水生态环境变化影响着整个区域农业经济、洪旱灾害和水资源利用。近年来，受自然和人为因素的影响，渭河流域水资源分布不均，上中游水土流失严重，下游泥沙大量淤积，水沙问题严重[3]，加上洪水灾害频发（如“92·8”“96·7”“03·8”“03·10”等洪水）[4-5]，严重影响了当地人民的生产生活及自然、经济和社会的发展[6]。因此，关于渭河流域水沙变化的研究已成为当前的热点。……