李瑛 金弈 董磊华

摘 要：引汉济渭工程是解决关中地区缺水问题的战略性调水工程，与南水北调中线工程的水源区部分重叠，开展生态调度研究保障河流生态环境用水，对维护工程水源区的生态环境可持续发展具有重要意义。在保证国家南水北调工程安全运行的前提下，分析引汉济渭工程水源区洪水资源利用可行性，在此基础上提出工程兼顾供水保证率目标的生态调度方案。研究认为，将三河口水库前期汛限水位抬高至643 m，且在保证三河口水库下游生态流量2.71 m3/s时，引汉济渭工程受水区多年平均实际供水量为10.04亿m3，供水保证率80.8%，可以显著提高下游河道生态基流满足程度，在典型枯水年、平水年和丰水年均可以使三河口下游河道生态基流满足程度达到97.5%，显著提升了工程的生态效益。

关键词：生态流量;洪水资源利用;生态调度;供水保证率;引汉济渭工程

中图分类号：TV697   文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.07.017

Abstract：Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project is a strategic water diversion project to solve the problem of water shortage in Guanzhong area. The water source area of South-to-North Water Diversion Project and Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project is overlapped. It is of great significance to carry out ecological operation research to ensure the ecological flow of the river and maintain the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the water source area of the project. On the premise of ensuring the safe operation of South-to-North Water Diversion Project， it was analyzed the feasibility of flood resources utilization in the water source area of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project and put forward the ecological operation scheme of the project taking into account the target of water supply guarantee rate， so as to provide technical support for the maximum excavation of the available water quantity in the water source area and the full play of the comprehensive benefits of water supply and ecology of the project. The research shows that raising the flood control level of Sanhekou Reservoir to 643 m in the early stage and ensuring the ecological flow of the downstream river of Sanhekou Reservoir at 2.71 m3/s， average annual water supply of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project is 1.004 billion m3 and the water supply assurance rate is 80.8%， which can significantly improve the satisfaction degree of the ecological base flow in the downstream river. In the typical low flow year， normal flow year and high flow year， the satisfaction degree of the ecological base flow of the downstream river of Sanhekou Reservoir can reach over 97%， which significantly improves the ecological benefits of the project.

Key words： ecological flow; utilization of flood resources; ecological operation; water supply guarantee ratio; Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project

1 前 言

引漢济渭工程是从陕南地区水资源相对丰富的长江支流汉江流域调水进入缺水严重的渭河关中地区，缓解渭河流域关中地区水资源短缺问题，改善渭河流域生态环境而兴建的重大基础建设项目[1]。根据《长江流域综合规划（2012—2030年）》和国家发改委对陕西省引汉济渭工程各阶段的批复文件，引汉济渭工程规划近期多年平均调水10亿m3。

引汉济渭工程总体开发方案为以陕南汉江干流及其支流子午河为水源，以干流的黄金峡水库及其支流的三河口水库为调蓄水库，以黄金峡泵站、三河口泵站、秦岭输水隧洞（黄三段、越岭段）为调水工程，共同完成调水至关中受水区的工程开发任务[2]。……