安徽沿江—江南地区稻麦周年高产高效栽培模式
2020-10-09周永进孔令聪许有尊
周永进 孔令聪 许有尊


摘要 安徽沿江—江南地区温光资源丰富,是安徽省的主要粮食生产地区之一。提高该地区的粮食产量对保障安徽省的粮食安全至关重要。针对该地区稻-麦生产中茬口安排不合理、品种选择不恰当、肥水管理不适宜等问题,经过多年的技术攻关,优化集成了“沿江—江南地区稻麦周年高产高效栽培模式”并成功示范应用。基于大面积生产上的应用实践,介绍了该技术模式的栽培调控途径和关键技术,以期为推动安徽稻麦周年全程机械化生产、提高安徽粮食产量提供技术支撑。
关键词 稻麦周年;高产高效;温光资源分配;栽培模式;沿江—江南地区
中图分类号 S344.1 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2020)18-0031-03
Abstract The area along the Yangtze River is rich in temperature and light resources,which is one of the main grain production areas in Anhui Province.It is very important to improve the food production in this area to ensure the food security of Anhui Province.In order to solve the problems such as unreasonable sowing date arrangement,inappropriate variety selection and unsuitable fertilizer and water management in rice and wheat production system in this area,we optimized and integrated the highyield and highefficiency cultivation model of ricewheat rotation system in the area along the Yangtze River and successfully demonstrated and applied it.Based on the application practice of largescale production,we introduced the cultivation approaches and key techniques of this technology,with a view to providing technical support for promoting the development of mechanized production of ricewheat rotation system and improving the grain yield in Anhui Province.
Key words Ricewheat rotation system;High yield and high efficiency;Allocation of temperature and light resources;Cultivation model;Area along the Yangtze River
安徽省位于我國中东部,地处暖温带和亚热带过渡地区,气候温暖湿润,土地总面积13.96万km2,其中粮食播种面积665.8万hm2。水稻和小麦是安徽省的两大粮食作物,有着悠久的种植历史。水稻种植区域主要分布于沿江江南、江淮地区、沿淮地区[1]。水稻常年种植面积为226.9万hm2 (2008—2017共10年平均) ,占粮食播种面积的34.1%;总产1 421.9×107 kg,占粮食总产的42.7%。小麦种植区域主要分布于淮北地区、沿淮地区、江淮丘陵以及沿江—江南地区。小麦常年种植面积为244.6万hm2,占粮食播种面积的36.7%;总产1322.9×107 kg,占粮食总产的39.7%[2]。稻麦轮作是安徽省的主要种植制度。近年来,得益于国家支农惠农政策和粮食丰产科技的引领和支撑,安徽省粮食综合生产能力不断提高,粮食持续丰产增收。根据国家统计局的数据显示,2015—2017年安徽省稻、麦总产平均为2 983.3×107 kg,位居全国第3位,仅次于河南省和江苏省[2]。……
