周凯　任浩　金宁治　刘宇博　艾民

摘 要：针对世界最快电动汽车展开研究。建立车辆系统动力学模型、传动系统模型、制动系统模型，对能量存储、电能转换、机电能量转换等方面进行计算，使高速电动汽车在直线加速赛中能够获得超过640 km/h的时速。动力系统台架实验是保证整车动力性能优劣的决定因素，将仿真模型与实验台架相结合构建半实物仿真实验平台，可实现对整车动力性能的全面模拟。在对车身结构的优化过程中，将驾驶员视野作为首要考虑的因素，通过优化挡风玻璃倾斜角、护舷高度，增大驾驶员视野。车尾结构优化可降低压差阻力，进一步提升车辆行驶安全性能。

关键词：高速电动汽车;动力系统建模;车辆动力学;风阻损耗;车身优化;半实物仿真

DOI：10.15938/j.emc.2020.09.014

中图分类号：TM 921

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1007-449X（2020）09-0126-08

Electrical powertrain modelling and bodywork optimization of high-speed electric vehicle

ZHOU Kai， REN Hao， JIN Ning-zhi， LIU Yu-bo， AI Min

（Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Automotive Electronics Drive Control and System Integration，Harbin University of Science and Technology， Harbin 150080， China）

Abstract：The worlds fastest electric vehicle was researched.The vehicle dynamics model， driveline model， braking system model was established and the energy storage， electrical energy conversion， electromechanical energy conversion was calculated which make the high-speed electric vehicle achieves more than 640 km/h in straight-line acceleration races.The bench test is the decisive factor to ensure the performance of the vehicle.The simulation model and the test bench are combined as semi-physical simulation test platform which can realize the power performance of the whole vehicle.In the process of optimizing the body structure， the drivers field of view was taken as the primary consideration. It is increased by optimizing the angle of windshield inclination and fender height.The optimization of the rear structure reduces the differential pressure resistance and further improve the safety performance.

Keywords：high-speed electric vehicle; powertrain modelling; vehicle dynamic; wind resistance loss; bodywork optimization; semi-physical simulation

0 引 言

美國犹他州邦纳维尔盐沼自汽车诞生之日起就成为了汽车追求极速的最优地点，独特的地理结构使其130 km2的地表都被盐层覆盖，平整而开阔的地表使汽车在速度测试中完全不需要考虑碰撞、颠簸等外界因素的影响。由于邦纳维尔盐沼的独特地理结构，国际汽车联合会成立了专门的汽车速度赛事，接受来自世界各地赛车团队的参赛申请[1]。

赛事规则要求参赛车辆必须在固定长度的赛道内往返各测试一次，在固定的测试点（9.6 km）获取赛车的实时车速，两次测试结果的平均值为测试的最终结果，测试时间严格限制在一小时之内[2]。

在过去的十几年里，来自美国俄亥俄州立大学的七叶树子弹（Buckeye Bullet）赛车团队加入到了这项赛事中。……