邹凯 朱良生

摘    要：“海鸥”强台风对海口湾造成了严重的破坏，研究“海鸥”台风对海口湾岸滩侵蚀的主要成因对海口湾岸滩修复和人工岛建设具有重要意义。本文通过对海南海口湾岸滩现场踏勘、实例比较和数值计算，探讨了海口湾人工岛建成前后该处岸滩对“海鸥”强台风的响应特征。研究结果表明：在2014年9月“海鸥”强台风过境期间，海口湾岸滩被显著侵蚀是发生在台风强浪过程、风暴潮和天文潮高潮叠加的情况;海口湾岸滩各段被显著侵蚀具有风暴剖面特征;人工岛具有消波作用，减少了岸滩侵蚀。人工岛建成后沿岸输沙引起的岸滩进退在0.6m以内，人工岛不是此次海口湾岸滩被显著侵蚀的主要原因。

关键词：人工岛;台风响应;岸滩侵蚀;海口湾

中图分类号：P731.2                              文献标识码：A

Abstract： The strong typhoon Kalmaegi caused severe damage to Haikou Bay in Hainan province. The analysis of the main causes of the severe beach erosion in Haikou Bay during the typhoon is of great significance to the beach restoration and manmade island construction in Haikou Bay. By comparing the data obtained in field investigation， example comparison and numerical simulation such as wave dynamical field， longshore transport and beach evolution， the response feature of the beach to the typhoon Kalmaegi before and after the construction of the manmade island is discussed. The results show that during the passage of typhoon Kalmaegi in September 2014， the significant beach erosion occurred in the process of typhoon strong wave and the superposition of typhoon surge and astronomic tide. The significant erosion of each section of Haikou bay bank has the characteristics of "storm profile"， and the manmade island has a decaying wave effect， reducing the beach erosion. After the construction of the manmade island， the beach retreat caused by longshore transport is within 0.6m and manmade island is not the main cause of the significant erosion of Haikou Bay beach.

Key words： Manmade island;  Typhoon response;  Beach erosion;  Haikou Bay

1    前言

臺风对岸滩侵蚀产生较大影响[1]。2014年9月的“海鸥”强台风对海口湾造成了严重的破坏，它不仅摧毁护堤和护坡， 而且还强烈地冲刷岸滩沉积物， 使原有海滩剖面发生急剧变形。

田会波等基于实测资料，讨论了万宁东部海岸的侵蚀规律与特征，季节上呈现夏秋侵蚀、冬春淤积，年际上总体呈现侵蚀状态[2];邸有鹏等基于遥感资料分析了海南博鳌湾和邦塘湾岸线的演变情况，并计算了不同岸段在各个时期的海岸侵蚀速率[3];丁瑞等以“海鸥”强台风为例，分析了条件变化对海口湾风暴增水的影响[4]。张博文等通过数学模型，分析了“海鸥”强台风作用下近海最大增水、波高分布特征[5];龚昊等根据现场调查，对比分析了“1409”号台风和“海鸥”号台风登陆前后海南岛东北部海滩侵蚀与恢复对连续台风的复杂响应[6]。……