安晏阳 王振东 喻璐璐 管雯璐 王珍博 靖旭 秦来安 谭逢富 侯再红

摘  要： 黑体腔口孔径的不同往往会影响黑体的辐射能力，因此考虑黑体的辐射密度与光阑孔径的关系具有十分重要的现实意义和研究价值。采用碲镉汞探测器阵列对固定距离和温度不同光阑孔径的黑体辐射源进行探测，选用一组阵列探测器数据作对比，分析整理测量结果并进行数据拟合。实验结果表明，黑体辐射源在所选的探测范围内均匀性较好。随着光阑孔径的减小，黑体辐射密度呈现增加趋势。在固定探测距离时，黑体辐射源的辐射密度随着光阑孔径的增加而减小，减小趋势逐渐减缓，满足高斯分布特性，采用指数拟合对理论模型进行修正，所得数值与实测值的误差小于3%，具有较好的一致性。

关键词： 黑体辐射源; 温度均匀性; 碲镉汞探测器; 探测器阵列; 光阑孔径; 辐射密度

中图分类号： TN215?34                         文献标识码： A                          文章编号： 1004?373X（2020）17?0134?03

Abstract： The radiation ability of blackbody is often affected by the different aperture of blackbody cavity. Therefore， it is of great practical significance and research value to take into account the relationship between the blackbody radiation density and the diaphragm aperture. The HgCdTe detector array is used to detect the blackbody radiation sources with different apertures at fixed distances and different temperatures， and then a group of array detector data are selected to make comparison， so as to analyze the measured results and implement the data fitting. The experimental results show that the blackbody radiation source has a good uniformity in the selected detection range. The blackbody radiation density increases as the diaphragm aperture decreases. When the detection distance is constant， the radiation density of the blackbody radiation source decreases as the diaphragm aperture increases， and the decreasing trend slows down gradually， which meet with the characteristics of the Gauss distribution. The exponential fitting is used to modify the theoretical model. The error between the value obtained with the model and the measured value is less than 3%， which is of good consistency.

Keywords： blackbody radiation source; temperature uniformity; HgCdTe detector; detector array; diaphragm aperture; radiation density

0  引  言

黑體辐射源是一种重要的测温装置，在生产生活中有着广泛的应用。通过高稳定度的辐射源，可以得到被测物体的色温，由于生产工艺的限制，实际的黑体内部往往存在着温度不均匀的情况[1]。文献[2]提出了黑体腔口辐射均匀性的两个判据，认为黑体内部存在的温度梯度会导致腔口辐射的不均匀性，此外针对调制盘的不平整等因素也会造成黑体辐射不是对称分布。黑体辐射受到腔体结构、腔口形状大小的影响，其辐射度也会偏离理想黑体，因此，测量的结果往往需要矫正。……