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2020-09-10赵杨

考试与评价·高二版 2020年5期
关键词:及物动词例句介词

赵杨

【问】我每次考试都在短文改错上失分。虽然我做了很多题,但是效果都不明显,我感到非常苦恼,想请教一下老师如何能做好改错题? 希望老师给予答复。谢谢!

(吉林通化  李叶叶)

【答】 这位同学请不要着急。短文改错是高中生普遍的难题。做短文改错时,要注意上下文和时态,做题时以句子为单位,但不能脱离语篇去理解句子,改词时要注意不能改变词意,不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词,去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样,增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用;形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用;副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。另外,在给你推荐一个易记的顺口溜:动词形,名词数 ,还要注意形和副;代词格,细领悟,介词短语需关注;习惯用法要记住;冠词连词常光顾。

【问】 The days we have been looking forward to ____ soon.

A. coming   B. will come

C. came   D. have come

此题的答案是B, 为什么不选A呢?

(湖北武汉  纪  茹)

【答】 此句中的we have been looking forward to为定语从句。主句为:The days ____soon. 这样,我们不难判断此句缺少谓语动词。虽然to 为介词,但并不影响主句的谓语动词,只是一个陷阱而已。又根据句中的soon,应用将来时,故选B。再如:

The way he thought of proved true. 他想出的方法证明是对的。

【问】 Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.

A. whose B. its

C. which     D. that

此题的正确答案为B,为什么不是A呢?请老师帮忙解答一下,谢谢!(同上)

【答】此题关键是理解seated这个单词,它是个过去分词,但不是做谓语的过去式形式。所以后面句子不是一个非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,故选B。试对比下面的题:

Not far from the club there was a garden, ____ owner was seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.

A. whose B. its C. which D. that

此时多了个was,后面的句子就变成了定语从句,因此就应该选A了。

【问】 You should treat him in the way ____ suits him most.

A. that       B. in which

C. /     D. why

此题的正确答案为A,老师讲过当way 做先行词时,定语从句可以由that 或in which 引导,或者可以省略,为什么此题只能选A呢?请老师帮忙解答,谢谢!

(福建龙岩  杨婷婷)

【答】 当way 做先行词时,定语从句有两种情况:

① 如果way 在从句中做方式状语,则定语从句有三种引导方式,即that, in which 或省略。例如:

I don't like the way (that / in which) he speaks to her. 我不喜欢他对她说话的方式。

② 如果way 在从句中做主语或宾语时,则用关系代词(that 或which)引导。例如:

The way that / which he explained at the meeting is practical. 他在會议上解释的方法很实用。

此题中先行词是the way,而关系词在后面的定语从句中充当主语。故只能选A。

【问】 老师,您好!关于sit和seat二者的用法区别,我没有弄懂。看过了下面这几道例题之后,我就更加糊涂了。

1. 他在桌子旁边坐下。

【误】 He seated at the desk.

【正】 He seated himself at the desk.

【正】 He sat at the desk.

2. When he entered the room, he found Mary ____ at the desk, reading.

A. seating         B. sat

C. seated           D. sitting herself

3. It is said that the theatre can   seat   5,000 people.

请您针对上面这三道例题,仔细讲一下它们的区别。谢谢!

(四川广元  侯鸿雁)

【答】 sit一般作不及物动词,表示“坐”,后面应跟介词at, on等。再如:

She sat at the desk working.

My brother was sitting, a large photograph on his lap.

如果sit当及物动词用,只表示“使坐(在某处)”,后可接宾语。再如:

The mother lifted the child and sat her at a little table.

seat做动词讲时,用法很多。问题中第3个例句,seat意为“能坐 / 容纳(多少人)”,而sit没有此意。再如:

There are seven waiting rooms there, seating in all 17,000 people.

问题中第1个例句[正] He seated himself at the desk. 此句中seat表示“给找座,使坐在……上”,是及物动词,后可接宾语。再如:

The usher seated us in the front row.

I seated him in the armchair.

另外,be seated意为“坐下,坐着”,如问题中的第2个例句,就是考查用seat的过去分词形式做宾语补足语,相当于Mary was seated at the desk,表示一种状态。再如:

Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.

She was seated between Mary and Nance.

With five hungry children seated round the table, the food disappeared in no time.

【问】 编辑老师,您好!在学习中我遇到这样一道题,觉得很难理解,恳请您帮助解答。

The situation has become extremely tense. A war ____ break out at any time between the two sides.

A. can B. will C. could D. must

(吉林松原 林西贝)

【答】 这道题是考查情态动词的用法。

must有表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生某事的含义,一般用在陈述句中。如:

All men must die. (= All men will certainly die.)

So long as it is a state, it must bear a class character.

will 可以表示预见某事可能会发生,有时还表示对某种必然进程的揣想。如:

By now he will be eating dinner.

They will have arrived by now.

can和could表示根据逻辑推理可能会出现的情况。如:

Just like all other currencies in the world, the pound can be devalued if necessary.

Mr. Reed is in poor health. He can be ill at any time.

在表示可能的肯定陈述句中,could比can的語气更委婉。但根据语境“形势变得易常紧张”,说明战争随时暴发的可能性很大。故A项是最佳答案。

如果你有什么不解和疑惑,欢迎通过电子邮件或信件的形式,第一时间和我们联系。

来信请寄:吉林省通化市西昌工贸开发区2号天仁报业集团《考试与评价》英语高二专刊  邮编:134001

Email: 359342074@qq.com

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