蒲健 晏婷 蒯晴叶 王爱民 郑林 李勇军 黄勇

中圖分类号 R282 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2020）14-1695-05

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.14.06

摘 要 目的：比较透骨香根和茎叶中挥发性成分的差异。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取透骨香根和茎叶的挥发油，并用气质联用技术对其化学成分进行分析，使用美国国家标准与技术局2011标准质谱图库进行检索，选择匹配度高于80的色谱峰，结合相关文献进行鉴定，并通过峰面积归一化法计算各化学成分的相对百分含量。结果：从透骨香根挥发油中分析检测出95个色谱峰，鉴定出54种化学成分，占根挥发性成分总含量的82.35%，其中相对含量较高的成分有水杨酸甲酯（20.30%）、棕榈酸（19.86%）、亚油酸（9.26%）、菲（4.37%）等;从透骨香茎叶挥发油中分析检测出69个色谱峰，鉴定出46种化学成分，占茎叶挥发性成分总含量的97.10%，其中相对百分含量较高的成分有水杨酸甲酯（86.72%）、棕榈酸（2.60%）、亚麻酸（1.25%）等。两者均含有烯烃类、酯类、酸类等共有成分16个。结论：透骨香根和茎叶中挥发性成分主要为酯类和酸类，二者成分种类有一定的相似性，但根中酸类成分含量较高、茎叶中酯类成分含量较高。

关键词 透骨香;根;茎叶;挥发性成分;水蒸气蒸馏法;气质联用技术

Difference Analysis of Volatile Components in Roots， Stems and Leaves of Gaultheria yunnanensis by GC-MS

PU Jian1，YAN Ting2，3，KUAI Qingye2，3，WANG Aimin3，ZHENG Lin3，LI Yongjun4，HUANG Yong3（1. Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd.， Guiyang 550008， China; 2. School of Pharmacy， Guizhou Medical University， Guiyang 550004， China; 3. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparations/State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Efficacy and Utilization， Guizhou Medical University， Guiyang 550004， China; 4. Education Ministry Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM， Guizhou Medical University， Guiyang 550004， China）

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To compare the volatile components extracted from the roots， stems and leaves of Gaultheria yunnanensis. METHODS： Steam distillation method was used to extract the volatile oils from roots， stems and leaves of G. yunnanensis. Chemical constituents were analyzed by GC-MS. NIST 2011 standard mass spectral library was adopted to select the chromatographic peak with a matching degree higher than 80， and combined with relevant literatures for identification. Relative percentages of chemical constituents were calculated by peak area normalization. RESULTS： Totally 95 chromatographic peaks were detected in valatile oil from the roots of G. yunnanensis and 54 chemical constituents were identified， accounting for 82.35% of the total content of root volatile components. The constituents with relatively high content were methyl salicylate （20.30%）， n-hexadecanoic acid （19.86%）， （Z，Z）-9，12-octadecadienoic acid （9.26%）， phenanthrene （4.37%） and so on. Totally 69 chromatographic peaks were detected in volatile oil from the stems and leaves of G. yunnanensis and 46 chemical constituents were identified， accounting for 97.10% of the total content of volatile components in stems and leaves. The constituents with relatively high content were methyl salicylate （86.72%）， n-hexadecanoic acid （2.60%）， （Z，Z，Z）-9，12，15-octadecatrienoic acid （1.25%） and so on. Both of them contained 16 common constituents such as alkenes esters， acids and so on. CONCLUSIONS： The chemical constituents of volatile oils extracted from the roots， stems and leaves of G. yunnanensis are mainly esters and acids. The components are similar to each other， but the contents of acids in the roots and esters in the leaves and stems are higher.

KEYWORDS   Gaultheria yunnanensis; Roots; Stems and leaves; Volatile components; Steam distillation; GC-MS

透骨香来源于杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）白珠树属植物滇白珠[Gaultheria yunnanensis（Franch.）Rehd.]，主要分布于我国云南、贵州、四川、广西等地。该药性平、味辛，具有清热解毒、活血祛瘀、祛风除温、降气平喘等功效，可用于治疗眩晕、风寒感冒、咳嗽哮喘、闭经、风湿痹症、跌扑肿痛等症[1]。我国苗族、白族、纳西族、布依族、彝族等9个少数民族均有以透骨香入药的情况[2-3]。……