江蓠琼脂提取过程中清洗用水的重复使用
2020-08-25万博恺倪辉杨远帆
万博恺 倪辉 杨远帆



摘 要:琼脂是一种重要的多糖产品,我国生产琼脂的主要原料是江蓠。琼脂提取过程中的清洗工艺耗水量大,是影响琼脂生产成本及污水排放的重要因素。以江蓠琼脂生产过程为范例,研究清洗用水重复使用对琼脂透明度、浊度、硫酸根、3,6-内醚半乳糖、凝胶强度、凝固温度及熔化温度的影响,探索江蓠琼脂提取过程中的清洗用水进行重复使用的可行性。结果表明:随着清洗用水重复使用次数的增加,琼脂的透明度不断下降,而浊度及硫酸根与3,6-内醚半乳糖含量不断上升,凝胶强度、凝固温度及熔化温度呈现先上升后下降。当江蓠琼脂清洗用水重复使用次数小于3时,对琼脂的质量没有显著影响。该结果表明重复使用江蓠琼脂生产的清洗用水具有一定的可行性,对降低琼脂生产成本及减少污水排放量具有参考价值。
关 键 词:江蓠;琼脂;清洗;水;重复使用
中图分类号:TQ 062 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)05-0786-04
Abstract: Agar is an important polysaccharide product, and Gracilaria is the main raw material for agar production in China. The cleaning process in the agar extraction process always consumes a large amount of water, which is an important factor affecting agar production cost and sewage discharge. Taking the production process of Gracilaria agar as an example, the effect of repeated use of cleaning water on the transparency, turbidity, sulfate,3,6-anhydro-L- galactose, gel strength, gelling temperature and melting temperature of agar was studied, and the feasibility of repeated use of cleaning water in the extraction process of Gracilaria agar was explored. The results showed that the transparency of agar decreased with the increase of reuse times of washing water, while the turbidity and contents of sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose increased continuously, and the gel strength, solidification temperature and melting temperature increased first and then decreased. When the water for cleaning Gracilariawas was reused less than 3 times, there was no significant effect on the quality of the agar. So it is feasible to reuse the cleaning water produced by Gracilaria agar.The paper has reference value for reducing agar production cost and reducing sewage discharge.
Key words: Gracilaria; Agar; Cleaning; Water; Repeated use
瓊脂(Agar)是一种由1,3-β-D-半乳糖和1,4-α-L-3,6-内醚半乳糖交替重复单元为骨架的多糖分子[1]。由于其独特胶凝特性与良好保水性,在食品、生化、医药、轻工等领域被广泛使用[2]。琼脂生产的原料包括:石花菜(Gelidiumamansii)、江蓠(Gracilarialemaneiformis)、龙须菜(Asparagus schoberioidesKunth)、紫菜(Porphyra)等红藻[3];其中,江蓠是目前国内外琼脂生产的主要原料[4]。从江蓠中提取琼脂的过程包括:碱处理、清洗、酸化、漂白、煮胶、过滤、凝胶、压榨、干燥和粉碎等步骤,目前该工艺存在耗水量大、耗碱量大等问题,引起了较严重的环境污染。例如,相关文献报道每生产1 t琼脂的耗水量为1 000~1 500 t,耗碱量为700 kg[5,6]。……
