汽油蒸气与异辛烷定容爆炸压力的当量比等效
2020-08-24张培理宋哲张德洋刘冲王建
张培理 宋哲 张德洋 刘冲 王建



摘 要:在理论计算异辛烷定容绝热爆炸压力的基础上,通过标准20 L球形爆炸装置内的汽油蒸气爆炸实验,获得了不同汽油蒸气体积浓度下的爆炸压力。通过分析异辛烷定容爆炸压力理论计算值与汽油蒸气定容爆炸压力实验值之间的误差,提出了汽油蒸气与异辛烷定容爆炸压力的当量比等效关系式。该关系式不仅可以方便地用异辛烷来预测汽油蒸气爆炸压力,还可以修正汽油蒸气爆炸压力数值计算模型,使模型计算值与实验值之间的误差显著降低。
关 键 词:汽油蒸气;爆炸压力;当量比;等效关系式
中图分类号:TQ038.4 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)06-1013-04
Equivalent Ratio Equivalence for the Explosion Pressure of
Gasoline-Air and Isooctane-Air Mixture
ZHANG Pei-li1, SONG Zhe2,ZHANG De-yang3, LIU Chong1, WANG Jian1
(1. Dept. of Fuel, Army Logistics University, Chongqing 401331, China;
2. Chongqing Fire Safety Research & Service Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China;
3. 92274 Troops, Qingdao Shandong 266400, China)
Abstract: On the basis of calculating isooctane adiabatic explosion pressures under different equivalent ratios, the explosion pressures of the gasoline-air mixture under different gasoline vapor concentrations were obtained by carrying explosion experiments in the standard 20 L spherical explosive device. By analyzing the error between the theoretical value of isooctane explosion pressure and the experiment pressure of the gasoline-air mixture, the equivalence relation formula of the equivalent ratio for the gasoline vapor and isooctane explosion pressure was put forward. This relation formula can be used not only to predict gasoline vapor explosion pressure, but also to amend the gasoline vapor explosion pressure numerical calculation model, so that the error between the calculated value and the experimental value can be significantly reduced.
Key words: Gasoline vapor; Explosion pressure; Equivalent ratio; Equivalence relation formula
汽油作為重要的动力燃料之一,广泛应用于各类动力设备。同时,汽油又是典型的混合物,成分构成复杂,气相色谱-质谱分析表明其至少有94种成分,质量浓度由高到低依次为烷烃、烯烃、苯系物、环烷烃等[1]。由于汽油成份的复杂性,因此其挥发成的油蒸气成分也十分复杂。
目前相关领域在对汽油蒸气的燃烧放热、汽油蒸气氧化动力学模型等开展研究时,为了简化模型和便于分析,一般以汽油蒸气替代物来开展相关实验和计算,最常见的汽油蒸气替代物有异辛烷(iso-octane)和PRF(Primary Reference Fuels)两种。PRF是异辛烷和正庚烷的二元混合物,主要用于研究内燃机点火过程及辛烷值的确定等[2-3]。异辛烷常常被国内外学者用来研究汽油蒸气氧化过程的放热[4-5]、化学动力学模型[6-13]以及火焰速度等特性[12, 14-15],因此在计算汽油蒸气爆炸超压、火焰温度时,常用异辛烷来代替油蒸汽成份,符合相关领域的处理习惯。……
