谢朝新　王涛　龙向宇　唐然　陶光建　王嘉粤

摘      要：强化生物除磷是经济有效去除污水中磷（P）的重要方法，已广泛应用于水环境保护领域。EBPR系统成功运行的关键在于聚磷菌（PAOs）通过聚磷代谢（PAM）富集聚磷酸盐（poly-P），获得碳源竞争优势，成为优势菌种。其中Accumulibacter菌是EBPR系统实现生物除磷的重要菌群，且主要存在Type I型和Type II型两种类型的进化枝。总结了EBPR系统中常见的PAOs，并对Accumulibacter为主的进化枝进行了鉴别。从碳源、温度和电子受体3个方面探讨了Accumulibacter进化枝的代谢特性。总结了现有认知的不足和对未来研究方向进行了展望。

关  键  词：强化生物除磷;聚磷菌;进化枝;代谢特性

中图分类号：X524        文献标识码： A        文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）07-1513-06

Research Progress in Community Structure and Branching of

Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms in EBPR System

XIEChao-xin1， WANGTao1， LONG Xiang-yu1*， TANG Ran2， TAO Guang-jian1， WANG Jia-yue1

（1. Army Logistic University of PLA， Chongqing 401331， China;

2. Chongqing University of Science & Technology， Chongqing 401331， China）

Abstract： Enhanced biological phosphorus removal is an important method to remove phosphorus （P） from wastewater economically and effectively. The key to the successful operation of EBPR system is that polyphosphate accumulating organisms （PAOs）can accumulate polyphosphate （ poly-P） through polyphosphate metabolism to obtain carbon source competitive advantage and become the dominant bacterial. Accumulibacter bacteria is an important bacteria group in EBPR system to realize biological phosphorus removal， and there are mainly type I and type II evolutionary strains. In this paper， the common PAOs in EBPR system were summarized， and the evolvement branch of Accumulibacter was differentiated. Then the metabolic characteristics of Accumulibacter evolvement branch were discussed from three aspects of carbon source， temperature and electron acceptor. Finally， the existing cognitive deficiencies were summarized， and the future research direction was prospected.

Key words： Enhanced biological phosphorus removal; PAOs; Clade; Metabolic characteristics

目前，我國湖泊（水库）富营养化形势依然严峻，磷（P）元素是导致湖泊（水库）富营养化最为关键的限制性因素，为此国家和地方政府对污水处理厂出水磷浓度制定了严格的排放标准。强化生物除磷（EBPR）是一种处理成本低和环境友好的技术，已广泛用于实际污水处理厂。普遍认为，EBPR过程是基于聚磷菌（PAOs）厌氧释磷、好氧过量吸磷的原理，通过排放剩余富磷污泥实现良好的除磷效果。厌氧条件下，PAOs分解胞内poly-P和糖原，吸收挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs，如乙酸和丙酸）并合成PHAs储存;缺氧/好氧条件下分解胞内PHAs提供能量用于糖原恢复、poly-P的合成以及维持微生物生长代谢。

EBPR系统微生物种群具有多样性和复杂性，采用分子生物学技术（如，原位荧光杂交（FISH）、实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）、16SrRNA和宏基因组测序等）能够有效的促进PAOs的识别^[1-2]。……