刘义刚　邹剑　王秋霞　王弘宇　刘昊

摘      要：为提高海上稠油油藏水平井注蒸汽开发效果，以渤海某油田明化镇组稠油油藏为实例，首先分析了该稠油油藏注入蒸汽开采的经济和技术可行性，明确了该稠油油藏具有良好的注汽开发前景，通过油藏数值模拟方法，分别模拟了注蒸汽速度、关井时间、井底蒸汽干度、蒸汽温度和采液速度对周期内注汽开发效果的影响。结果表明：最佳注蒸汽參数设定为注蒸汽速度350 m³/d、关井时间6 d、井底蒸汽干度0.8、蒸汽温度370 ℃、采液速度150 m³/d，同时为进一步提高注蒸汽开发效果，在设备条件允许的情况下，尽可能地提高注入蒸汽的温度来达到更好的注采效果。

关  键  词：海上油田;稠油油藏;水平井;注蒸汽

中图分类号：TE345            文献标识码： A   文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）07-1447-05

Study on Steam Injection Development Technology of

Horizontal Well in Offshore Heavy Oil Reservoirs

LIU Yi-gang， ZOU Jian， WANG Qiu-xia， WANG Hong-yu， LIU Hao

（CNOOC Tianjin Branch， Tianjin 300280， China）

Abstract： In order to improve the steam injection development effect of horizontal well in offshore heavy oil reservoirs， taking Minghuazhen formation heavy oil reservoir in Bohai oilfield as an example， the economic and technical feasibility of steam injection production in this heavy oil reservoir was analyzed， and it was pointed out that this heavy oil reservoir had a good prospect of steam injection development. Through the numerical simulation method of reservoir， the influence of steam injection speed， shut-in time and bottom steam dry on the development effect was investigated The results showed that the best steam injection parameters were as follows： steam injection speed 350 m3/d， shut-in time 6 d， bottom steam dryness 0.8， steam temperature 370 ℃， liquid production speed 150 m3/d; In order to further improve the steam injection development effect， the steam injection temperature should be increased as much as possible.

Key words： Offshore oilfield; Heavy oil reservoir; Horizontal well; Steam injection

海洋具有丰富的自然资源，海上油田的开发成为未来石油与天然气供应的重要来源。我国渤海及南海油气田的勘探已经持续了多年^[1]，目前已开发出多个小型油田和气田，例如南堡油田、秦皇岛油田、曹妃甸油田等，其中稠油油藏占比较大，因此如何高效开发稠油油藏成了目前海上油田开发的重要环节^[2]。稠油由于黏度较高，在地层环境中流动较难，采用常规开发手段采收率较低，无法良好地动用地下原油资源。我国陆地上新疆、辽河、南阳等区域也分布有稠油油藏，多年的开发过程积累了丰富的经验。

李建成针对稠油降黏问题，采取了注蒸汽技术，实践证明有效地提高稠油流……