贾未鸣　高旭锋　王少军　张会成

摘      要：光安定性指被测样品在贮存加工过程中在光氧化下逐渐变质的性质，能够反映光的稳定性，用于衡量润滑油基础油加氢精制深度。综述了润滑油基础油光安定性的影响因素与其作用机理，通过对影响光安定性因素（含硫化合物、含氮化合物、重芳烃以及部分饱和多环芳烃）的分析和基础油光氧化机理的讨论，建议优化分离技术，深入表征结构，合理优化生产工艺，为生产高品质润滑油基础油提供指导依据。

关  键  词：润滑油基础油;光安定性;影响因素;作用机理

中图分类号：TQ42       文献标识码： A       文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）07-1433-04

Research Progress of Mechanism and Influence

Factors of Light Stability of Lube Base Oil

JIA Wei-ming， GAO Xu-feng， WANG Shao-jun， ZHANG Hui-cheng

（Dalian research institute of petroleum and petrochemical， Dalian Liaoning 116041， China）

Abstract： Light stability is defined as the character of gradual deterioration of sample due to photo-oxidization during storage and processing. It can reflect the stability of photo-oxidation and is also used to measure the depth of hydrofining of base oil. In this paper， influence factors and chemical mechanism of light stability of lube base oil were summarized. Through the analysis of the factors （including nitrogen and sulfur compounds， heavy aromatics and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons saturation） affecting the light stability and the discussion of the photooxidation mechanism of base oil， it was suggested that the separation technology should be optimized， the structure should be further characterized， the production process should be reasonably optimized. The paper can provide a guide for the production of high-quality lube base oil.

Key words： Lube base oil; Light stability; Influence factors; Chemical mechanism

當下人们环保意识逐渐提升，对润滑油产品质量要求也随之提高。光安定性是表征润滑油产品性能的重要指标，近年来受重视程度与日俱增^[1-3]。油品在有氧条件下，受紫外光辐照会发生变色、浑浊以及沉淀，这一系列现象通常被认为与油品的氧化相关^[4]。氧化过程发生后，润滑油黏度增大、酸值升高、颜色变深，产生的沉淀物会降低表明张力，从而将显著降低机械设备的工作效率，严重的还会腐蚀设备，甚至引起机械故障。也就是说，光安定性差的油品使用周期较短，而且在使用中可能引发一系列问题，影响工作效率。目前普遍认为，加氢处理基础油显著缺点之一就是光安定性较差，而对于其成因，国内外研究者们开展了大量的研究^[5-10]。研究结果认为，与影响基础油光安定性相关的因素主要包括含氮化合物、含硫化合物、重芳烃以及部分饱和多环芳烃。……