米糠渥堆发酵过程中代谢产物和菌群变化研究
2020-08-23卢宗梅



摘 要:米糠是很好的发酵饲料原料,但其固态发酵过程中的菌群及其代谢产物变化却少有报道。本文以全脂米糠为单一发酵原料,分别接种发酵乳杆菌MRS8、枯草芽孢杆菌ZLK1或地衣芽孢杆菌BL50,研究发酵过程中乳酸、乙酸、乙醇等代谢产物及其菌群的变化情况。发酵起始时,米糠中乳杆菌科占比在80%以上,随着发酵启动,空白组中肠杆菌科增殖很快,但乳酸含量变化最小。发酵乳杆菌MRS8组乳酸升高最快,两天达到最大值。枯草芽孢杆菌ZLK1组乳酸含量随着发酵时间延长持续升高。研究表明:外加益生菌株发酵可以提高米糠发酵的乳酸含量,并降低有害菌的丰度。
关 键 词:发酵乳杆菌;枯草芽孢杆菌;地衣芽孢杆菌;乳酸
中图分类号:TQ 929 文獻标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)07-1406-04
Study on Metabolites and Microbial Changes in
Rice Bran During Fermentation
LU Zong-mei
(COFCO Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bengbu Anhui 233010, China)
Abstract: Rice bran is a good raw material for fermented feed, but the changes in the flora and its metabolites during the fermentation process are not well studied. In this paper, the rice bran was inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum MRS8, Bacillus subtilis ZLK1 or Bacillus licheniformis BL50, respectively. The changes of lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and other metabolites and their flora during fermentation were studied. At the beginning of fermentation, the proportion of Lactobacillaceae in rice bran was above 80%. Compared to other three treatment groups, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the blank group proliferated quickly, but the change of lactic acid content was the least. The lactic acid in rice bran treated by the Lactobacillus fermentum MRS8 increased very quickly and reached the maximum in two days. The lactic acid in rice bran treated with Bacillus subtilis ZLK1 continued to increase with the fermentation. The study shows that probiotic strain fermentation can increase the lactic acid of rice bran and reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria Enterobacter.
Key words: Lactobacillus fermentum; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus licheniformis; Lactic acid
发酵饲料富含益生菌及活性代谢产物,在畜禽养殖中有望替代饲用抗生素而日益受重视[1-2]。米糠是稻谷加工成精米剩余的种皮和胚,是稻谷加工的主要副产物,占稻谷总重5%~8%。2016年我国稻谷产量为20 693.4万t,由此推算每年可产米糠约1 000万t以上。米糠中含有丰富的营养物质及活性功能成分,是非常好的食品、饲料原料 [3-4]。目前,米糠已经被广泛应用于发酵食品以及发酵饲料的生产,但米糠发酵过程中的物理化学变化和菌群的变化研究还比较少。本文就单一米糠发酵过程中的代谢物和菌群变化进行了研究,为米糠的发酵利用提供参考。
1 实验部分
1.1 试验材料
全脂米糠由中粮饲料科技公司提供。发酵菌株发酵乳杆菌MRS8和地衣芽孢杆菌BL50由中粮营养健康研究院分离并提供,枯草芽孢杆菌ZLK1由中粮生物科技股份公司分离保存。……
