李北　汪浩勇　William Wang　李永恒　郭春雷　黄加军

摘      要：运动发酵单胞菌通过ED途径高效转化单糖生成乙醇，其生长不需氧气，能够以N₂作为氮源，抗逆性强;其乙醇发酵速度快，乙醇理论产率高，生产周期较短和原料利用率较高，容易进行基因工程改造。本文采用水稻和木薯为乙醇发酵的原料，研究重组运动发酵单胞菌的发酵特点，验证其乙醇发酵性能，为其今后在乙醇生产中实际使用积累经验和提供参考依据。本实验结果证明，与安琪超级酿酒干酵母相比，在重组运动发酵单胞菌的乙醇发酵过程中，CO₂产量更低导致发酵失重更少，乙醇产量明显增加，最佳发酵温度更高，淀粉出酒率更高和淀粉利用率更高。重组运动发酵单胞菌对安菌泰和青霉素有较强的耐受性，乙醇发酵指数期大约为0～40 h，种子扩大培养期间不需要添加任何外来氮源。

关  键  词：运动发酵单胞菌;乙醇发酵;水稻;木薯

中图分类号：TQ 920.6     文献标识码： A       文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）07-1400-06

Study on Ethanol Fermentation Effect of Recombinant Zymomonas Mobilis

LI Bei 1*， WANG Haoyong 2*， William Wang 3 ， LI Yongheng 1， GUO Chunlei 1， HUANG Jia-jun1

（1. Guangxi COFCO Bio-energy Co.， Ltd.， Beihai Guangxi 536100，China;

2. Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering of Ministry of Education， Hubei University of Technology，

Wuhan Hubei 410068， China;

3. Harriton High School， Rosemont PA USA 19010; *· Contributed equally to this work）

Abstract： Zymomonas mobilis can efficiently transform monosaccharides to produce ethanol through ED pathway. Its growth does not require oxygen， can use N2 as a nitrogen source and is highly resistant to stress. Its ethanol fermentation speed is fast and the production cycle is short. Its theoretical ethanol yield is high and the raw material utilization rate is high. It is easy to carry out gene manipulation for genetic transformation. In this paper， ethanol fermentation of new typed recombinant Z. mobilis strains was studied by using rice or cassava as raw materials. Compared with the Angel yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae， in the ethanol fermentation process， the CO2 production of the Z. mobilis is significantly lower， and the ethanol production is significantly higher. Its optimal fermentation temperature is higher， starch liquor yield and starch utilization rate are significantly higher， and acid production is lower. It has a strong tolerance to Penicillin. The ethanol fermentation index period is between 0～ 40 h， and no external nitrogen source is needed during its seed expansion cultivation.

Key words： Zymomonas mobilis; Ethanol fermentation; Rice; Cassava

與酵母菌乙醇发酵的代谢途径不同， 运动发酵单胞菌^[1]（Zymomonas mobilis， Z. mobilis）通过ED途径高效转化葡萄糖和果糖生产乙醇。Z. mobilis具有菌体生长少、生长不需氧气、能够将N₂作为氮源^[2]、副产物少、乙醇耐受力和温度耐受力强、具有良好的遗传改良性等特征，其乙醇发酵速度和产乙醇理论值均高于酵母菌，生产周期短和原料利用率高。Z. mobilis长期被寄予厚望，有希望成为跟酵母一样大量使用的乙醇发酵菌种。

采用合成生物学技术，湖北工业大学汪浩勇教授团队开发出了能在无蛋白培基中高速、高效、高密度发酵生产乙醇的重组Z. mobilis菌种^[3-8]。……