邹剑　王弘宇　王秋霞　张华　韩晓冬　米恒坤

摘      要： 以渤海油田兩种典型的水溶性稠油降黏剂为对象，包括小分子表面活性剂SR和高分子ZK，通过填砂管驱替实验，研究了温度、盐度和渗透率对于它们驱油性能的影响。结果表明：在相同条件下，ZK的驱油效果优于SR;温度升高、盐度升高和渗透率降低不利于两种降黏剂驱油效果的提升。通过界面张力测试、降黏性能测定、溶液表观黏度测定、微观可视化驱替实验，探讨了温度和渗透率影响降黏剂驱油效果的原因。结果表明：温度升高促使体系界面张力升高、降黏性能下降、溶液表观黏度降低，不利于降黏剂提升洗油效果和扩大波及范围。微观驱替实验结果表明，ZK在不同渗透率下均具有更好的波及效果;在低渗条件下，形成的乳状液滴尺寸小，不利于调整吸水剖面。

关  键  词：稠油降黏;乳化;采收率;两亲聚合物;耐温抗盐

中图分类号：TE39          文献标识码： A   文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）07-1341-06

Analysis on Factors Affecting the Performance of

Water-soluble Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducing Agents

ZOU Jian 1， WANG Hong-yu1， WANG Qiu-xia1， ZHANG Hua 1， HAN Xiao-dong1， MI Heng-kun2

（1. Bohai Oilfield Research Institute， Tianjin Branch， CNOOC China Limited， Tianjin 300459， China;

2. School of Petroleum Engineering， China University of Petroleum （East China）， Qingdao Shandong 266580， China）

Abstract： The effect of temperature， salinity and permeability on the oil displacement properties of two heavy oil viscosity reducing agents was studied through sand-filled pipe flooding experiments. These two chemicals are typical water-soluble agents in Bohai oilfield， including the small molecule surfactant SR and polymer ZK. The results indicated that，under the same condition， the oil displacement property of ZK was better than that of SR， and the increase of temperature and salinity as well as the decrease of permeability were not conducive to the improvement of oil displacement performances for both two agents. The reasons for the effect of temperature and permeability on the oil displacement property were analyzed by interfacial tension test， heavy oil viscosity reduction analysis， apparent viscosity measurement and microscopic displacement experiment. The results showed that the increase of temperature promoted the increase of interfacial tension， the decrease of heavy oil viscosity reduction， and the decrease of the apparent viscosity of ZK solution， which was not good for agents to enhance the oil displacement and sweep properties. The results of microscopic displacement experiments indicated that ZK had better sweep efficiency under both two investigated permeabilities， and in low permeability model， the size of emulsion droplets was small， which was bad for adjusting the water absorption profile.

Key words： Heavy oil viscosity reduction; Emulsification; Oil recovery; Amphiphilic polymer;Salt and temperature resistance

我国稠油资源非常丰富，总量约为16亿t，约占原油总储量的25%～30%^[1]。如何采取有效的手段加快稠油资源的开发利用，对保障国家能源安全、促进社会发展具有重要的战略意义^[2]。在稠油注水开发时，由于注入水与稠油黏度相差过大，过高的水油流度比导致注入水突破早，在地层中形成低阻的水流通道，含水率迅速上升，注入水波及系数很低，油藏采出程度低，原油采收率通常在5%～10%^[3-5]。由此可见，降低原油黏度，是提高稠油采收率的重要方法之一。

稠油化学降黏是指向稠油中加入化学药剂，包括水溶性降黏剂和油溶性降黏剂，水溶性降粘剂通过乳化作用而降黏，油溶性降粘剂通过稀释和拆散胶质、沥青质网架结构而降黏。……