吴昕怡 刘秀嶶 屈云慧 石萍萍 杨雁 李智敏 田浩 谷丽萍

摘 要 目的：优化滇龙胆药材的产地初加工工艺。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定滇龙胆中马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷和龙胆苦苷的含量，再以上述3种成分含量的总评归一值（OD值）为评价指标，对热烫温度、热烫时间和干燥温度进行单因素试验;在此基础上，采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化滇龙胆药材产地初加工工艺并进行验证，再与阴干樣品进行比较。结果：滇龙胆药材产地初加工最优工艺为热烫时间5 min，热烫温度40 ℃，烘干温度60 ℃。验证试验结果显示，滇龙胆药材中3种成分的平均OD值为0.565 2，与预测值（0.570 6）的偏差为0.94%。与阴干样品比较，滇龙胆最优工艺样品中3种成分含量的OD值明显升高，表明优化工艺加工的滇龙胆样品质量更好。结论：优化的工艺稳定、可行，可用于滇龙胆药材的产地初加工。

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To optimize the primary processing technology of Gentiana rigescens. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted for content determination of loganic acid， swertiamarin and gentiopicroside in G. rigescens， and overall desirability value （OD value） of the contents of above 3 components was taken as index to carry out single factor test on blanching temperature， blanching time and drying temperature. Based on that， Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was used to optimize primary processing technology of G. rigescens. Validation test was also performed. The samples prepared by optimized technology were compared with those dried in the shade. RESULTS： The optimal primary processing technology of G. rigescens included blanching time of 5 min， blanching temperature of 40 ℃ and drying temperature of 60 ℃. Validation test showed that the average OD value of the 3 components was 0.565 2， with a deviation of 0.94% from the predicted value （0.570 6）. Compared with samples dried in the shade， OD value of 3 components in samples prepared by optimized technology were increased significantly， indicating the quality of the samples prepared by the optimized technology was better. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal technology is stable and feasible， and can be used for the primary processing of G. rigescens.

KEYWORDS   Gentiana rigescens; Primary processing technology; Box-Behnken design; Response surface method; Overall desirability value

产地初加工直接关系到中药材的质量及疗效[1-2]，而落后的加工经验和水平已严重制约了道地药材规模化、产业化的发展[2]。产地初加工是中药材采摘后加工的第一环节，更是药材品质形成的关键环节[3-4]。适宜的产地初加工方法，可以有效保留有效物质、提升药材品质。例如阴干处理的三七外观品质较优、质地坚实，且总皂苷、三七素等有效成分含量较高[5];蒸、煮法处理天麻可分别提高其天麻素含量达2.0、2.5倍[6]。

滇龙胆（Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl）是龙胆科龙胆属多年生草本植物，以根和根茎入药[7]，是云南道地药材，具有清热燥湿、泻肝胆火的功效[8]。现代药理学研究表明，其有效成分为马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷等裂环烯醚萜类化合物[9-10]。……