朱国青 邱林青 王金芳

【关键词】荨麻疹;儿童;食入性过敏原;吸入性过敏原

【中图分类号】R392.8 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1002-8714（2020）05-0009-01

【Abstract】objective to explore the relationship between individual allergens and urticaria in children. Methods the clinical data of 85 children with urticaria who were tested for allergens in our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups： the younger group （43 cases） aged 2-7 years and the older group （42 cases） aged 7-14 years. The positive rates of inhaled and ingested allergens in different age groups were detected. Results the positive rate of feeding allergens such as milk， egg white， beef， shrimp， crab， mutton， peanut and soybean in the younger group was higher than that in the older group， and the positive rate of inhaling allergens such as house dust， dust mite， fungus， common ragweed， mugwort， cockroach， dog and cat was higher than that in the older group， with statistically significant difference （P < 0.05）. Conclusion both ingestion allergens and inhalation allergens are closely related to urticaria in children， and the types of allergens in younger children are more than those in older children.

【Key words】urticaria; Children; Ingestion allergen; Inhaled allergens

兒童荨麻疹指皮肤与黏膜小血管扩张且渗透性增加出现的局限性水肿反应，表现为皮肤瘙痒，并出现红色或肤色风团，通常在2-24h内消退，但可不断出现新的皮疹，令病程迁延，彻底根治困难[1]。荨麻疹病因复杂，可能与遗传、精神、内分泌、机械刺激等因素有关，也可因药物、食物、吸入物过敏有关，及时进行过敏原筛查对病情控制及预后至关重要[2]。基于此，本研究旨在探讨儿童个人过敏原与荨麻疹之间的关系。现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年7月在我院进行过敏原检测的85例荨麻疹患儿临床资料，将其按年龄段分为2-7岁低龄组（43例）与7-14岁大龄组（42例），低龄组男22例，女21例;病程5个月-3年，平均（1.65±0.79）年;大龄组男20例，女22例;病程4个月-3年，平均（1.61±0.77）年。统计学比较2组一般资料，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），研究具有可对比性。

1.2 纳入标准 入选标准：①参照《中国荨麻疹诊疗指南（2018版）》[3]中诊断标准，经视诊、触诊检查，有瘙痒、风团等症状、体征，确诊为荨麻疹;②无其他过敏性疾病。排除标准：①物理刺激所致荨麻疹者;②病情迁延<6周者;③器官功能衰竭者。

1.3 方法 取患儿静脉血5mL，分离血清，置于4℃保存，在24h完成检测。采用食品过敏原IgE检测试剂盒（上海甄准生物），以多抗原-多克隆抗体的ELISA法检测食入性过敏原：牛奶、蛋清、牛肉、虾、蟹、羊肉、花生、黄豆;吸入性过敏原：屋尘、尘螨、霉菌（黑曲霉、点青霉、烟曲霉、分枝孢霉、交链孢霉）、普通豚草、艾蒿、蟑螂（德国）、狗、猫。