杨舟

What is a pub？

The word pub is short for public house. There are over 60，000 pubs in the UK （about 53，000 in England and Wales， 5，200 in Scotland and 1，600 in Northern Ireland）. One of the oldest pubs， Fighting Cocks in St. Albans， Herts， is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.

什么是酒吧？

“pub”这个词是“public house”的缩写。在英国有6万多家酒吧（英格兰和威尔士有约53000家，苏格兰有约5200家，北爱尔兰有约1600家）。赫特福德郡圣奥尔本斯的“斗鸡酒吧”是（英国）最古老的酒吧之一，它位于一座历史可以追溯到11世纪的建筑中。

Pubs are popular social meeting places.

Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk， eat， drink， meet their friends and relax there.

Pubs often have two bars， and one usually quieter than the other. Many pubs have a garden where people can sit in the summer. Children can go in pub gardens with their parents.

Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy. People do not queue， but the bar staff will usually try and serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first. If you spill1 a strangers drink by accident， it is good manners to offer to buy another drink.

酒吧是很受欢迎的社交场所。

酒吧是英国人生活的重要组成部分。人们在那里聊天、吃饭、喝酒、结识朋友、放松身心。

酒吧通常有两个吧台，一个通常比另一个安静。很多酒吧都有花园，在夏天人们可以坐在那里。孩子们可以和父母一起去酒吧里的花园。

一群朋友通常会“轮流”买酒，轮到谁谁就会为所有的人买酒。在酒吧很繁忙的时候，有时很难有人招待。人们不排队，但酒吧的员工通常会尽量先为那些在酒吧等候的时间最长的人服务。如果你不小心把陌生人的饮料洒了，礼貌的做法是主动提出为对方再买一杯。

British Beer

Most pubs belong to a brewery （a company which makes beer） but sell many different kinds of beer， some on tap （from a big container under the bar） and some in bottles. The most popular kind of British beer is Bitter， which is dark and served at room temperature （not hot， not cold）. British beer is brewed2 from malt3 and hops4.

More popular today though is Lager， which is lighter in colour and served cold. Guinness， a very dark， creamy kind of beer called a stout5， is made in Ireland and is popular all over Britain.

In the West of England， cider6 made from apples， is very popular. Like wine， it is described as sweet or dry， but is drunk in beer glasses and can be stronger than beer.

Beers are served in “pints7” for a large glass and “halves” for a smaller one.

英國啤酒

大多数酒吧属于某家酿酒厂（生产啤酒的公司），但出售许多不同种类的啤酒，一些是通过（连着吧台下面大容器的）水龙头供应的，一些是瓶装的。最受欢迎的英国啤酒是苦啤酒，它颜色偏暗，供应的是常温的（既不热，也不冷）。英国啤酒是用麦芽和啤酒花酿造的。

不过，如今更受欢迎的是淡啤酒，它颜色较浅，供应的是冰的。而吉尼斯黑啤酒，是一种颜色很深，如奶油般柔和醇美的烈性啤酒，产于爱尔兰，在英国很受欢迎。

在英格蘭西部，用苹果制作的苹果酒很受欢迎。它和葡萄酒一样，用甜（含糖量大）或干（含糖量小）来区分，是用啤酒杯盛来喝的，但可能比啤酒更烈。……