刘兰涛 林劲杨 胡剑宏

摘  要：工具理性和價值理性由德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯所提出，前者强调目标和手段，追求实用主义;后者则更注重主体动机与行使手段的正当性，二者相互辅助，共同作用，不断推动社会的理性发展。但随着发展的不断深入，二者地位逐渐失衡，工具理性渐趋主导，与之相伴的则是其无法摆脱的现实困境。工具理性和价值理性对体育竞技的发展同样发挥着举足轻重的作用，其中工具理性较为直接地为体育竞技的发展提供具体的帮助;而价值理性则更多体现在体育精神和文化方面。但在体育竞技领域中工具理性对价值理性的僭越同样无法避免，主要体现在体育行为主体异化、体育项目发展异化和体育评价理念异化等3个方面。然而，体育作为人类历史文明发展的产物，发展至今依靠的绝不仅仅是单纯的胜负结果或强身健体之作用，更重要的是体育运动所蕴含的文化意义和精神力量，在当今工具理性和价值理性失衡的局面之下，亟待呼唤价值理性的回归，只有二者相互融合，和谐统一，才能推动体育竞技领域科学有序地发展。

关键词：体育  工具理性  价值理性  冲突  融合

中图分类号：G80-05                        文献标识码：A                  文章编号：2095-2813（2020）07（a）-0247-04

On the conflict and integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality in the field of sports competition

LIU Lantao  LIN Jingyang*  HU Jianhong

（Department of physical education and research， Central South University， Changsha， Hunan Province， 410083  China）

Abstract： Instrumental rationality and value rationality are put forward by Max Weber， a German sociologist. The former emphasizes the goal and means and pursues pragmatism， while the latter pays more attention to the legitimacy of the subject motivation and the means of exercise. They help each other and work together to continuously promote the rational development of society. However， with the development of the two， their status is gradually out of balance， and instrumental rationality is becoming more and more dominant. Instrumental rationality and value rationality also play an important role in the development of sports competition， in which instrumental rationality directly provides specific help for the development of sports competition， while value rationality is more reflected in sports spirit and culture. However， in the field of sports competition， the arrogation of instrumental rationality to value rationality can not be avoided， which is mainly reflected in three aspects： the dissimilation of the main body of sports behavior， the dissimilation of sports development and the dissimilation of sports evaluation concept. However， as the product of the development of human history and civilization， the development of sports depends not only on the simple outcome or the role of physical fitness， but also on the cultural significance and spiritual force contained in sports. In the current situation of imbalance between instrumental rationality and value rationality， it is urgent to call for the return of value rationality， only the two are integrated and harmonious， Only in this way can we promote the scientific and orderly development of sports field.

Key Words： Sports; Instrumental rationality; Value rationality; Conflict; Integration

1  何为工具理性与价值理性

1.1 工具理性与价值理性的出处与概念

德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯在其所著的《经济与社会》中把社会行动划分为合理性与非理性两大类，其中合理性行动又分为工具合理性（工具理性）和价值合理性（价值理性）2类。……