鲁杰 马国祥 江健 胡继川

摘要 目的：建立气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）联用分析鉴定龙脑樟挥发油（VOCC）的化学成分的方法，探讨VOCC对大鼠颈总动脉的张作用。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取，无水硫酸钠脱水-4 ℃冰箱中重结，通过GC-MS对VOCC进行成分分析，结合计算机检索对分离的化合物进行结构分析与鉴定，色谱峰面积采用归一化法计算各组分的相对含量;将大鼠颈总动脉血管环制成无内皮和含内皮2种标本，以苯肾上腺素（PE）为血管收缩剂，观察VOCC对大鼠离体血管环预收缩的作用。结果：共分离得到45个化学成分，鉴定得到相似度在90%以上的40个化合物，占总VOCC的99.86%，天然冰片的相对含量最高，占总VOCC的93.49%;VOCC能抑制PE所致的颈总动脉收缩，且无内皮依赖性，VOCC对劲总动脉血管的舒张作用呈明显剂量依赖性。结论：在本实验条件下，天然冰片得到了基线分离，此方法可用于天然冰片原料和制剂的定量分析;VOCC对PE诱导的血管收缩具有显著拮抗作用，提示其具有较好的扩血管作用。

关键词 龙脑樟;天然冰片;气相色谱-质谱;大鼠;颈总动脉血管;收缩;舒张;作用机制

Abstract Objective：To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）combined analysis method to identify the chemical constituents of Volatile Oil of Cinnamomum Camphora（VOCC），and to explore the effects of VOCC on the common carotid artery in rats.Methods：The method of our study were as follows：extracted by steam distillation，dehydrated in anhydrous sodium sulfate dehydrated in -4 ℃ refrigerator，analyzed the composition of VOCC by GC-MS，combined with computer search to analyze and identify the separated compounds.The relative content of each component was calculated by one-step method; the rat common carotid artery vascular ring was made into endothelium-free and endothelium-containing specimens，and phenylephrine（PE）was used as a vasoconstrictor to observe VOCC on role of ring pre-contraction on isolated rat blood vessels.Results：A total of 45 chemical components were isolated，and 40 compounds identified were with a similarity above 90%，accounting for 99.86% of the total VOCC.Natural borneol had the highest relative content，accounting for 93.49% of the total VOCC; VOCC could inhibit PE common carotid artery contracted without endothelium dependence，and the vasodilator effect of VOCC on the common arterial artery was obviously dose-dependent.Conclusion：Under this experimental condition，natural borneol is separated from the baseline.This method can be used for quantitative analysis of natural borneol raw materials and preparations.VOCC has a significant antagonistic effects on PE-induced vasoconstriction，suggesting that it has a good vasodilator effects.

Keywords Cinnamomum Camphora; Borneol; GC-MS; Rats; Common Carotid Artery; Systole; diastole; Action mechanism

中图分类号：R285.5文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.13.016

龙脑樟（Cinnamomum camphora chvar.Borneol）是上世纪八十年代在湖南新晃发现的，目前该种被认为是樟[Cinnamomum camphora（L.）Presl]的一种化学型[1]，其新鲜枝、叶提取得到的挥发油中富含右旋龙脑，是目前天然冰片的最佳植物原料。且自古就是一種高级香料，被广泛应用于医药、香料、化妆品、食品工业等行业[2-3]。

天然冰片又叫天然右旋龙脑，其气清香，味辛、凉，归心、脾、肺经，具有通诸窍、消肿止痛、散郁火、去臀明目、开窍醒神等功效[4-5]。……