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独蒜兰和云南独蒜兰无公害种植体系研究

2020-08-07吴沙沙沈立明曹孟霞张艺祎孙伟郑泽新张衡翟俊文

世界中医药 2020年13期

吴沙沙 沈立明 曹孟霞 张艺祎 孙伟 郑泽新 张衡 翟俊文

摘要 独蒜兰属(Pleione)独蒜兰(P.bulbocodioides)和云南独蒜兰(P.yunnanensis)干燥假鳞茎入药俗称冰球子,是我国重要的中药材。市场需求量巨大,市场供应主要来源于对野外资源的采挖,人工规模化栽培尚未成型,存在种植技术不成熟,种苗成活困难,及滥用农药所导致的农残高等问题,开展无公害种植是解决这些问题的有效手段。本文依据独蒜兰及云南独蒜兰的生活习性和本课题组对该属植物多年的研究及种植经验,建立了独蒜兰及云南独蒜兰药材无公害精细栽培技术体系,包括科学的栽培地选址、精细的无公害种植模式及病虫害综合防治技术等。

关键词 独蒜兰;云南独蒜兰;冰球子;无公害;规范化种植

Abstract Pleione bulbocodioides and P. yunnanensis are vital traditional Chinese medicinal materials, whose dry pseudosomes are named ice hockey. It has huge demand in market. The market supply mainly comes from the excavation of wild resources. Artificial large-scale cultivation has not yet taken shape. There are problems such as immature planting technology, difficult survival of seedlings, and high pesticide residues caused by the abuse of pesticides. Carrying out pollution-free planting are effective means to solve these problems. In this paper, based on the living habits of P. bulbocodioides and P. yunnanensis and the research and planting experience of this group for many years, we have established the pollution-free fine cultivation technology system of bulbocodioides and P. yunnanensis, including scientific cultivation site selection, sophisticated pollution-free planting models, and integrated pest control techniques.

Keywords Pleione bulbocodioides; Pleione yunnanensis; ice hockey; Non-polluted; Regulated planting

中圖分类号:R288;S567文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.13.013

兰科(Orchidaceae)独蒜兰属(Pleione D.Don)植物主要分布于中国、缅甸、泰国和印度等亚洲国家的山区[1],全属有近30种,中国分布的有27种及种下类群[2]。因其花大色艳,颇具观赏价值,常作为盆栽植物观赏。独蒜兰(P.bulbocodioides)和云南独蒜兰(P.yunnanensis)在中药中被称为冰球子(见图1)与毛慈菇(杜鹃兰Cremastra appendiculata)统称为山慈菇,有很高的药用价值。云南独蒜兰中检测到含量较高的2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类化合物,现代药理学研究表明,该化合物具有神经系统保护功能,能够促智和延缓衰老,防治老年痴呆[3]。独蒜兰和云南独蒜兰作为独蒜兰属的代表性植物,具有很高的应用价值。独蒜兰以四川、贵州产为道地,云南独蒜兰以云南产为道地。……

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