不同土壤中东南景天生长特性研究
2020-08-06蔡金术朱江丽许诺郑卫国曹华英高育慧
蔡金术 朱江丽 许诺 郑卫国 曹华英 高育慧


摘 要:以田园土和锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)污染的土壤栽培东南景天,观测开花物候期,测定开花量、株高、覆盖度和地上生物量等生长指标,研究东南景天的生长特性。结果表明:田园土生长的东南景天的开花物候期延后4 d以上,花期延长9 d以上,达34 d;植株高度增加24.5 %以上,单株地上部分生物量增加11.8 %以上,达384.7 g,覆盖度增加14.1 %以上,达96.7 %。因此,用田园土栽培东南景天,能较快的形成地被覆盖,具有较长的花期,观赏性明显增加,适合作为低养护的地被植物和色块植物在园林绿化工程上应用。
关键词:东南景天 观赏特性 开花期 覆盖度 地上生物量
中图分类号:R282.2 文献标识码:A
Abstract: To study the growth characteristics of Sedum alfredii, we planted Sedum alfredii in garden soil and the soil with Zn and Cd, respectively, and investigated their growth indexes including flowering phenophase, flower amount, plant height, coverage and aboveground biomass. Results showed that, compared with that in the soil with Zn and Cd, the blooming phenophase of the plants in garden soil delayed over four days, and the florescence lasted 34 days, prolonging over nine days; the plant average height increased by 24.5 %; the average aboveground biomass was 384.7 g, increasing by over 11.8%; and the coverage was 96.7 %, increasing by over 14.1 %. Therefore, S. alfredii which grew well in garden soil with longer florescence, higher coverage and great ornamental value, was appropriate for using as ground plant and color block plant in landscaping.
Key words: Sedum alfredii Hance; ornamental characteristics; florescence; aboveground biomass
東南景天(Sedum alfredii Hance)为景天科景天属的多年生草木,主要分布于长江以南的绝大部分省区,具有富集锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)等多种重金属的特性[1]。有研究发现,东南景天的地上部Zn含量高达5000 mg/kg,富集系数达1.25~1.94[2];还发现生长介质中Zn浓度高达240 mg/L时,植株仍生长正常生长;当介质中Zn浓度为80 mg/L时,地上部Zn积累量达到最高值,为19.83 mg/株[3]。也有人认为,当土壤中Cd含量达12.5~50 mg/kg时,矿山生态型东南景天的地上部在一年内(两茬)的积累量可达2~4 mg/盆,其对土壤Cd清除率达16 %~33 %[4],并认为东南景天适合修复低、中度Cd污染土壤。还有研究发现,东南景天对Cd累积与土壤pH值有关,降低土壤pH有利于提高富集效率,pH接近5.5时东南景天生物量及累积Cd的量最大,土壤Cd去除率最高,达6.6%[5]。另外,施用适量的生长调节剂ABA、IAA、6-BA还可提高东南景天对Cd污染土壤的修复效率[6]。因此,东南景天被广泛应用于重金属污染矿区的生态修复。……
