韦丽君 俞奔驰 宋恩亮 卢赛清 郑华 雷开文 付海天

摘 要：为探索人工诱导木薯开花，开展以激素、营养调节为主的木薯开花调控技术研究。结果表明，宿根木薯较易被诱导开花。宿根木薯长至15～25 cm和50～60 cm高时，分别喷5～20 mg/L P333+0.5 %白糖+200 mg/L氨基酸和0.05～0.10 mg/L草甘膦+1 g/L腐植酸钾，7～10 d 1次，连续2～3次的处理较适合诱导木薯开花和早开花。经配方5 mg/L P333 +0.5 %白糖+ 200 mg/L氨基酸 + 0.1 mg/L草甘膦 + 1 g/L腐植酸钾处理的新选048、南植199、GR891、SC5、SC124和SC205的宿根木薯，其开花率达100 %，不仅它们的雌花、雄花极显著高于对照，而且新选048、南植199、SC5、SC124和SC205的两性花也极显著高于对照。该技术是木薯杂交育种道路上的重大突破。

关键词：木薯 开花 调控

中图分类号：S533 文献标识码：A

Abstract：In order to explore the technology for artificial induction of cassava flowering， the experiment was conducted to regulate cassava flowering with hormone and nutrition. Results showed that the perennial root cassava was easily induced flowering. When the plant height of perennial cassava were 15～25 cm and 50～60 cm， respectively， spraying with 5～20 mg/L P333+0.5 % sugar+200 mg/L amino acid and 0.05～0.10 mg/L glyphosate+1 g/L potassium humate once every 7～10 days for 2～3 successive times could induced cassava flowering and shift flowering period earlier. Treated with 5 mg/L P333 + 0.5%sugar + 200 mg/L amino acid + 0.1 mg/L glyphosate + 1 g/L potassium humate， the flowering rate of Xinxuan  048， Nanzhi 199， GR891， SC5， SC124 and SC205 reached 100%. Not only the female and male flowers of all varieties were significantly higher than CK， but also the bisexual flowers of Xinxuan 048， Nanzhi 199， SC5， SC124 and SC205 were significantly higher than CK. This technology is a major breakthrough in cassava hybrid breeding.

Key words：Cassava;flowering;regulation

木薯（ Manihot esculenta Crantz）是大戟科木薯屬98个种中的唯一栽培种[1]，有“淀粉之王”和“地下粮仓”之称，是兼粮食、工业原料双重作用于一身的作物[2]，我国已将木薯列为非粮能源作物和粮食后备作物加以利用和发展。长期以来，国外资源引进与系统选育是我国获得木薯品种的主要途径[3]。

木薯是属于有性生殖生长，以茎杆作为繁殖材料进行无性繁殖的作物，常规杂交育种是木薯育种工作迄今为止采用最普遍最有效的方法。以往，我国的木薯杂交育种工作仅限在海南省开展，海南虽然有满足木薯开花结实的光、温等条件，但因台风频发、加上木薯抗倒伏性弱，易造成木薯倒折及落花落果，难以获得稳定有效的杂交种子。与其相邻的内陆地区——广西，自然条件下木薯难开花，偶尔发现开花的现象，但花期偏迟，后期受光照、温度不足等条件限制而不结实或结实率很低，难以获得有效的杂交种子[4-5]。……