方家山机组蒸汽发生器装拆堵板的辐射防护最优化
2020-08-04要巍王超
要巍 王超



摘 要
蒸汽发生器一次侧水室装拆堵板是压水堆核电站大修的一项重要工作,具有较大的辐射风险,目前国内M310机组普遍采用首修或十年大修安装承压堵板,其余大修安装假堵板的工作方式。本文主要介绍了方家山机组在首次大修装拆承压堵板工作中,实施辐射防护最优化的方法及效果,以及根据现有方案结合其他电厂经验,总结出辐射防护相关改进措施。对今后大修及其他M310机组具有一定的借鉴意义。
关键词
蒸汽发生器;一次侧水室;装拆堵板;辐射防护最优化
中图分类号: TL75 文献标识码: A
DOI:10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2020.15.038
Abstract
Mount and dismount of the block of the steam generator water chamber in the steam generator is important in the major repair of the pressurized water reactor power plant, and it is associated with high radiation risk. Currently, the working mode of installation of the pressure-bearing block board in the first repair or the ten-year major repair and installation of pseudo block board in the remaining major repairs is widely adopted in the M310 aircraft crew in China.This paper mainly introduces the method and effect of radiation protection optimization in the first overhaul of loading and unloading pressure block plate of fangjiashan unit, and summarizes the improvement measures of radiation protection based on the existing scheme and the experience of other power plants.It had certain reference significance to the future major repair and other M310 aircraft crews.
Key Words
Steam generator;Primary water chamber;Assembly and disassembly of the block board;Radiation protection optimization
压水堆核电厂停堆大修期间,蒸汽发生器一次侧相关检修项目,如一次侧水室内壁腐蚀检查、人孔密封面超声波探伤和“U”形管涡流探伤等,均须在蒸汽发生器水室内进行。而要顺利完成蒸汽发生器检修工作,蒸汽发生器水室装拆堵板则是其关键步骤。由于蒸汽发生器水室辐射水平高,工作条件苛刻,水室内装拆堵板作业的集体剂量和人员单次受照剂量都较大,放射性污染的风险也较大,尤其是在机组首次大修和十年大修时,需要安裝承压堵板,因此,如何将辐射防护最优化(ALARA)的原则应用到装拆堵板的作业中,有效降低受照剂量,控制辐射风险,是对辐射防护人员技能的重要考验。
1 装拆堵板辐射风险分析
蒸汽发生器水室作为主冷却剂系统的一部分,功率运行时辐射源项从压力容器的堆芯活性区产生,通过主冷却剂的高速流动,在多种因素的作用下,沉积于其水室内表面,造成水室内表面的污染。……
