磷酸作用下土壤砷的变化特征研究
2020-07-30闫波
闫波

摘 要:为了探明磷酸洗脱剂作用下土壤砷的变化特征,在不同的萃取剂浓度、液土比条件、萃取时间下,对萃取后土壤总砷和各形态砷含量变化进行研究。结果表明:对于砷含量为98.53 mg·kg-1的土壤,随着磷酸浓度的升高,对土壤砷的萃取率呈先增加后基本不变的趋势,磷酸萃取土壤砷的最佳浓度为1.5 mol?L-1;土液比对磷酸萃取土壤砷的影响较小;随着萃取时间的增加,磷酸对土壤砷的萃取量变化较小,变幅在9.3%以内,萃取效率最高的时间为1 h;在浓度为1.5 mol·L-1、土液比为1∶3、萃取時间为1 h的条件下,磷酸对土壤中各形态砷的去除量特征为:铝结合态>铁结合态>交换态>水溶态>钙结合态>残渣态。
关键词:砷形态;土壤;萃取;土液比;铝结合态砷
中图分类号:X53文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2020)16-0152-04
Abstract: In order to ascertain the variation characteristics of soil arsenic under the action of phosphoric acid eluent, the changes of total arsenic and various forms of arsenic in the soil after extraction were studied under different extractant concentrations, soil-liquid ratio conditions and extraction time. The results showed that for the soil with 98.53 mg · kg-1 arsenic content, with the increase of phosphoric acid concentration, the extraction rate of arsenic increased first and then remained unchanged. The best concentration of arsenic extracted by phosphoric acid was 1.5 With the increase of extraction time, the amount of extraction of arsenic from soil by phosphoric acid changed little, the range was within 9.3%. Under the conditions of 1.5 mol·L-1 concentration, 1∶3 ratio of soil to liquid and 1 h extraction time, the removal of various forms of arsenic in soil by phosphoric acid was: aluminum-bound state> iron-bound state> exchange state> water-soluble state> calcium-bound state> residue state.
Keywords: arsenic from;soil;extraction;soil-liquid ratio;aluminum-bound-arsenic
1 研究背景
近年来,土壤砷污染问题因砷元素的广泛应用性和致癌性而被国内外学者重视。土壤砷污染主要来源于两方面:一是该地区自然状态下土壤富含砷;二是在砷的开采、冶炼、加工、使用过程中,不可避免地会出现含砷物质的泄露、排放,其进入大气、水体和土壤中,而大气中的含砷物质通过沉降作用,水体中的含砷物质通过吸附作用,最终都会进入土壤,在土壤中不断累积,最终造成砷污染物超标。据报道,我国贵州、湖南等地均出现过砷污染事件,约有2 000万人生活的地区为砷污染高风险区域[1-4]。美国、墨西哥等国也有砷污染的报道。
为了修复砷污染土壤,国内外学者进行了大量尝试,其中,萃取修复法是修复砷污染的较为成熟、修复较为彻底的技术。……
