蒋建平

感知·素养解读

在每个人的生活中，很多活动都不是孤立进行的，时时处处都需要家人和朋友的参与和帮助。《考试大纲》及课标中家庭、朋友与周围的人主题涉及的主要内容有：（1） Family and relatives （grandparents， parents， brother， sister， aunt， uncle， cousin， son， daughter， etc.）;（2） Friends （close neighbour， schoolmate， classmate， roommate， team-mate， etc.）;（3） Other people （neighbour， local shopkeeper， teacher， colleague， etc.）。

高考英语书面表达对本主题的考查主要涉及人与人之间的关系、矛盾冲突和问题的解决、社会政治、经济、文化等方面社会交往类话题。常以社交礼仪、社会价值观、文化碰撞等为元素，多包含友谊、信任、尊重和感恩等内容。在介绍人物时，描写年龄、外貌、性格是常见的考点。如果是写普通人，可能要求写一封推荐信;如果是写名人，重点可能会在受教育程度、突出成就以及事业发展上。

探究·语库构建

I.语境串记

Sightseeing in the United Kingdom

After the wedding， my cousin and his wife went to the United Kingdom for nationwide sightseeing. He faxed a letter to me in English yesterday. To my delight， he no longer made any tense error. And his description 1.________（rough） clarified my questions about the UK—its currency， its administration， the institution which divides it into four provinces， and the historical conflicts and quarrels when Southern Ireland 2.________（break） away from the UK.

Unwilling 3.________（leave） out any attraction， my cousin arranged his enjoyable journey carefully. One 4.________（attract） place he visited was a castle in the countryside of Scotland， 5.________ lies near a port. It used to be the headquarters of the Communism Union 6.________ broke down during the war. 7.________（find） nothing could take the place of this splendid architecture， people accomplished rebuilding it in 1952. It was to their credit 8.________ all furnished rooms are consistent with what they used to be. My cousin was thrilled by its collections consisting of statues plus royal uniforms 9.________（fold） in glass tanks. Though there was no 10.________（possible） to buy some of these exhibits， it was convenient to take photos， which he sent me along with his fax.

英國观光

我的表弟和他妻子在举办了婚礼后到联合王国做全国旅游观光去了。他昨天传真了一封英文信给我，让我高兴的是，他再也不犯时态错误了，而且他的描述也粗略地向我阐明了关于英国的一些问题——它的货币啦，行政管理啦，把它分成四个行政区的制度啦，还有在南爱尔兰脱离联合王国时发生的一些历史上的冲突和争拗。

因为不愿意漏掉任何一个景点，我表弟仔细地安排了他愉快的旅程。他参观的其中一个吸引人的地方是苏格兰乡村的一个城堡。城堡靠近一座港口，曾经是共产主义联盟会的总部，但是在战争中倒塌了。人们发现没有任何东西可以取代这座辉煌的建筑，于是在1952年完成了重建。值得赞扬的是，所有配备家具的房间都和它们过去一致的。由雕像加折叠在玻璃柜里的皇家制服组成的收藏品使我表弟震撼不已。尽管没有可能购买这些展览品，拍照却很方便，他在传真中一起发给了我。

II.素材积累

（一）阅读词汇整合（明其义）

学习与理解下列单词或短语

【核心单词】

1.marry结婚;娶;嫁

2.raise养育;教育（子女）

3.considerate体贴的

4.overweight胖的

5.slim苗条的

6.intelligent有才智的

7.embarrass使尴尬

8.creative有创造力的

9.energetic精力充沛的

10.efficient办事高效率的

【高频短语】

1.make ones acquaintance结识某人;熟识

2.be ready to help others乐于助人

3.be bored with？厌烦

4.be fed up with 受够了

5.have fun with拿……开心

6.make fun of取笑;拿……开心

7.have a gift for 有……的天赋

8.bring up养育; 抚养; 养大

9.suffer from... 患上……

10.major in 以……为专业

11.be skilled in 在……方面熟练

12.be experienced in 在……方面有经验

13.be in good health/shape/condition 身体健康

14.graduate from...  从……毕业

【主题整合】

家人和亲戚：

1.parent父亲;母亲;（pl.）双亲;祖先

2.grandparents祖父母;外祖父母

3.grandfather爷爷;外公

4.grandmother？奶奶;外婆

5.grandchild？（外）孙子或孙女

6.grandson孙子;外孙

7.granddaughter？（外）孙女

8.uncle叔;伯;舅;姑父;姨父

9.aunt婶;伯母;舅妈;姑妈;姨

10.nephew侄子;外甥

11.niece侄女;外甥女

12.cousin堂（表）兄弟;堂（表）姐妹

13.stepfather？继父

14.stepmother？继母

15.father-in-law岳父;公公

16.mother-in-law岳母;婆婆

17.brother-in-law姐（妹）夫;小叔;大伯

18.sister-in-law？嫂子;弟媳

19.daughter-in-law兒媳

20.relative亲属;亲戚

21.ancestor祖先;祖宗

朋友和周围的人：

1.neighbour邻居;邻人

2.acquaintance熟人;相识

3.monitor班长

4.stranger陌生人

5.director主任

6.headteacher班主任;中小学校长

7.headmaster（中小学）校长

8.villager村民

9.roommate室友;舍友

10.elder长辈;老人;父辈

11.president总统;董事长;大学校长

12.a boy with great ability能干的男孩

13.a qualified teacher一名合格的教师

关系特征：

1.forgive原谅

2.trust相信;信任

3.inherit继承（传统、遗产、权利等）

4.admirable值得赞赏的;可钦佩的

5.accompany陪同;陪伴

6.associate使联合

7.understand （v.）理解;领会

understanding（n.）理解

8.precious？珍贵的

9.conscience良心;良知

10.promote？促进;提升

11.fight n.& vi.打架;打斗

12.friction摩擦

13.prejudice偏见;成见

14.tension 紧张局势

15.divorce？离婚

16.be to blame 应受责备

17.play a trick on捉弄某人;对某人恶作剧

（二）写作词汇运用（悉其用）

根据汉语提示或所给单词的正确形式完成句子。

1. I know you have trouble in making friends. However， the situation is easy to change if you________________ （采纳我的建议）.

2. We should be kind to one another， which is essential to enjoy a________________ （和谐的）life.

3. As far as I'm concerned，________________ （建立良好的人际关系）， we should trust each other first.

4. She makes a promise that she will behave herself and________________ （树立好的榜样）to her schoolmates.

5. I hope we can________________ （保持联系） each other so that we can communicate with each other to know more about the Chinese and British culture.

6. We should keep calm no matter what happens in the future， and only in this way can we deal with things correctly and________________（维护好我们的友谊）.

7. All I am， or can be， I________________ （归功于）my angel mother.

8.Without________________ （confident） there is no friendship.

9. She is so________________ （乐观） and outgoing that she is not only expert at communicating with others but also gets along well with others， for she is always ready to help others.

10. If she won the election， she would________________ （不遺余力） to serve classmates as well as organize more after-class activities to enrich our school life.

（三）核心句型表达（精于表）

根据要求翻译下列句子。

1. 在这两星期期间，我们一起学习，一起生活，这使我们有机会促进友谊。

译法一：（非限制性定语从句）

________________________________________________________________

译法二：（并列句）

________________________________________________________________

2. 众所周知，当孩子们长大的时候，他们与父母进行知心交谈的时间更少了。

译法一：（定语从句）

________________________________________________________________

译法二：（主语从句）

________________________________________________________________

3. 你在上一封来信里谈到了你最近对学习的担忧，同时提到了你的同桌经常因为问你问题而打扰你的学习。

译法一：（并列句）

________________

译法二：（现在分词作状语）

________________________________________________________________

4.同学之间的友谊是如此的独特，以致于它是没有经过雕琢，没有经过打磨的。

译法一：（用so…that句型）

________________________________________________________________

译法二：（非谓语动词作状语）

________________________________________________________________

实践·主题测评

知识维度诊断评价

I.单句填空

1. As we all know，________ （make） friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships， and build a harmonious society.

2. Ever since I graduated from high school twenty years ago， I________ （be） in touch with my English teacher.

3. Just________  the saying goes， “One tree doesnt make a forest”， our success is based on cooperating with others.

4. He is not easy-going or open-minded. So its________ （challenge） to get along well with him.

5. She regarded the diary as her close friend，________  which she conveyed/expressed her strong desire for living a normal life.

6. He wonders________  it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.

7. I find it is________  great honour for me to have the chance to study with so many excellent students， some warm-hearted， some diligent and some kind.

8. He is always ready to help us when we are in trouble，________ （especial） when we come across some difficulties in our English studies.

9. You had a long talk with me face to face and let me know the________ （important） of study.

10.After class， I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he________（help） by others.

II.单句改错

1. As a teacher， she is kind， helpful and patient， because all of us like her.________

2. I believe it is this from my father which leads to my outstanding character.________

3. Since I was born， you were always patient with me and care about me.________

4. I still remember when I was in Grade 8， I hated study and made many trouble at school.________

5. You even spent most of your free time help me with my study.________

6. Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because your conflict with your parents.________

7. They found ways to deal with the problem， but the bullying finally stopped.________

8. I found that work with children with special needs changed my life forever.________

9. However， shouts， cries and noises are encouraged here because theyre signs of excitements and different ways of communicating for these disabled children.________

10. I believe everyone should get out and do something that makes the difference.________

III.語篇填词

选用所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。

grow， give， accompany， share， deliver， spend， stick， meaning， go， deep

The Power of Friendship

The language of friendship is not words but 1.________， said by Henry D. Thoreau. He told us friendship 2.________ by peoples inner moving instead of saying how________   3.________ our affection is.

Everyone will have friends from his birth on. Your parents are your first friends in a sense. They will do their best to help you go onto the right orbit of life like good friends. When you     4.________ up， you will contact with real friends at school or someplace else. You will find the people who stand by you when you are in trouble are always your best friends. As you become old， someone will 5.________ you on a walk and chat with you in the park. Its not your children but your friends with similar age. Its the power of friendship.

On the contrary， the people who you most want 6.________ with about your good news are your best friends， too. Do you still remember the guy who 7.________ you the answer when you got 8.________ in questions？ Do you still remember the happy time you________9.________ together for the birthday？ Yes， as the saying 10.________， a friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out. Its the power of friendship.