蒋建平

感知·素养解读

人际关系指人们在人际交往过程中结成的心理关系、心理上的距离。良好的人际关系表现为热情、诚恳、理解、同情、大度、互助、信用和原则性与灵活性的结合。人际关系主要包括朋友关系、夫妻关系、亲子关系、同学关系、师生关系、同志关系等。《考试大纲》及课标中人际关系主题涉及的主要内容有：（1） People （parent， brother， sister， other family members， friend， neighbour， teacher， etc.）;（2） Social behaviours （greeting， introducing， giving thanks， asking for permission， asking for help， solving problems， dealing with conflicts， etc. ）;（3） Getting together （making plans / arrangements， time， date， place， event， etc.）。

人际关系在高考中的考查主要包括各种人与人之间的关系、矛盾冲突和问题的解决等，多包含友谊、信任、宽容、尊重、感恩、赞扬等，贴近学生日常生活。以这些话题命题有利于促进学生身心健康成长，形成良好的价值观和积极向上的舆论导向。

探究·语库构建

I.语境串记

Pronunciation and Status

An ambassador and a referee were consulting a professor on the caption of a Buddhistic alphabet 1.________ a sobbing woman stopped them to sell an antique musical bathtub. Her dirty garment and the handkerchief around her waist were badly in need of 2.________（send） to a laundry. The ambassador 3.________（comfortable） gave her a handful of pence from his wallet and said， “Take this fortune away， troublesome woman.”

When her figure faded away， the brilliant professor said， “You are 4.________（mistake） and your improper remark 5.________ her should be condemned. In terms of this extraordinary woman， you cant classify her status by her horrible clothes or disgusting nails. Her clean woolen vest and stockings， especially her classic pronunciation， all suggested her upper status.” The ambassador gave a whistle in 6.________（amaze）， and advised making her acquaintance. The professor hesitated for a while， then compromised.

The outcome was 7.________ she was an authentic superior police officer. When they    8.________（show）in her office and saw her once more， she brought them a teapot of tea and some cookies， laughing and saying， “I rubbed some cream and wax on my garment and passed   9.________（I） off as a shabby woman among thieves and robbers to investigate a plot. Generally speaking， your overlooking me and my adaptation are the best help. But my pronunciation seemed 10.________（betray）me.”

口音与身份

一位大使和一位裁判正在就一张佛教符号表的文字说明请教教授，这时，一名哭哭啼啼的女人把他们拦住，要卖给他们一个古董音乐澡盆，她骯脏的衣服和腰间的手帕都急需送到洗衣店清洗。大使很不舒服地从钱包里掏出一把便士说：“把这大笔钱拿走，麻烦的女人！”

等她的身影渐渐远去，那位才华横溢的教授说：“你错了，你对她不适当的评论语应该受到谴责。就这个不同寻常的女人来说，你不能根据她糟糕的衣服或令人恶心的指甲给她的身份地位分类。她干净的羊毛背心和袜子，尤其是她一流的发音，都暗示着她的上层身份。”大使惊奇地吹了声口哨，建议去认识她。教授犹豫了一会儿，最后妥协了。

结果呢，她真的是一位高级警官。当他们被带进她的办公室再次见到她时，她给他们拿来一壶茶和一些饼干，笑着说：“我把奶油和蜡涂在大衣上假扮成寒酸肮脏的女人混进在小偷和抢劫犯中间，是为了调查一宗阴谋。通常说来，你们对我的忽视和我对此的适应就是最好的帮助。但是我的发音似乎暴露了我啊。”

II.素材积累

（一）阅读词汇整合（明其义）

学习与理解下列单词或短语

【核心单词】

1. appreciate v.欣赏;感激

appreciation n.欣赏;鉴赏

2. argue v.争辩;争论

argument n.争论;辩论

3. congratulate v.祝贺

congratulation（s） n.祝贺

4. enthusiastic adj.热情的

enthusiasm n.热情

5. friendly adj.有好的

friendliness n.亲切;友善

friendship n.友谊;友情

6. forgive v.原谅;宽恕

forgiveness n.宽大;饶恕

7. regret v.遗憾;后悔

regretful adj.遗憾的;抱歉的

8. harmony n.和睦;和谐

harmonious adj.和谐的

9. patient adj.有耐心的

patiently adv.耐心地;有毅力地

patience n.忍耐;耐心

10. respect v.尊重;尊敬

respectful adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的

respectable adj. 可尊敬的;可尊重的

11. separate v.使分离;分开

separated adj.分开的;分居的

12. strict adj.严格的

strictly adv.严格地

13. serious adj.严肃的

seriously adv.严肃地

14. assist v.帮助;辅助

assistance n.帮助;援助

assistant n.助手;助理

15. acknowledge v.答谢;感谢

acknowledgement n.感谢;谢意

16. generous adj.慷慨的;大方的

generousness n.慷慨;大方

17. inspire v.鼓舞;激发

inspired adj.受鼓舞的

inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的;鼓舞人的

18. sincere adj.真诚的

sincerely adv.真诚地

19. apology n.歉意

apologize v.道歉;赔不是

【高频短语】

1. be familiar with/to 对……熟悉/为……所熟悉

2. be concerned for/about对……担心/关心

3. be patient with sb 对某人有耐心

4. get/keep in touch with/keep contact with与……取得（保持）联系

5. have...in common有共同之处

6. get on/along well with sb与某人相处融洽

7. be on good/bad terms with sb与某人关系融洽/不和

8. fit in with与……相适应/合得来

9. look down upon/on鄙视;看不起

10. be strict with sb对某人要求严格

11. be satisfied with sb对某人感到满意

12. praise sb for sth因某事表扬某人

13. show respect for对……表示尊敬

14. make friends with sb与某人交友

15. share sth with sb与某人分享

16. communicate with sb与某人交流

17. apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉

【主题整合】

交际关系：

1. colleague 同事;同僚

2. companion 同伴;同事;伴侣

3. misunderstand 误会;不理解

4. partner伙伴;搭档;同伴

5. acquaintance相識（的人）;熟人

6. stranger陌生人

7. modest 谦虚的;谦逊的

8. prejudice偏见;成见

9. reliable可信赖的;可靠的

10. demanding苛刻的;要求高的

11. a lack of understanding缺乏理解

12. be in harmony with...与……和谐相处/协调

13. disagree/be in disagreement with sb与某人不和

14. be tolerant with包容

15. be loyal to对……忠诚

16. be annoyed about对……感到讨厌

17. be considerate to/towards sb关心（体贴）某人

18. live up to ones expectation不辜负某人的期望

19. turn to…for help求助于

20. help sb out帮助某人摆脱困境

21. be grateful/thankful to sb for sth因某事对某人感激

22. in celebration of为了庆祝

23. congratulate sb on ones success祝贺某人取得成功

交际行为：

1. cooperate合作

2. accompany陪伴;陪同;伴奏

3. adopt收养;采用;通过

4. abuse虐待;辱骂;滥用

5. spoil溺爱

6. betray背叛;出卖

7. request恳请;恳求

8. bother打扰;麻烦

9. blame責备;指责

10. complain抱怨;投诉

11. make up和解

12. break/split up分手;解散;结束

13. have words with与……发生口角

14. back sb up支持某人

15. stand in ones shoes站在某人的角度

16. trust each other相互信任

17. share happiness and sorrow分享快乐和忧愁

18. exchange ideas with sb与某人交流想法

19. satisfy/meet ones needs/demands满足某人的需要

20. be in conflict with与……争论

21. make an appointment with sb与某人约会

22. see sb off为某人送行

（二）写作词汇运用（悉其用）

根据汉语提示或所给单词的正确形式完成句子。

1. I would like________________ （表示感激） for your hospitality and kindness when I was in London.

2. As far as the cause of the accident is concerned， I think， it is the driver of the lorry who should________________        （负责）.

3. Though many people think that school discipline can soften the conflicts， I believe learning________________  （相互宽容）can play a more constructive role because it teaches students flexibility and the art of compromise.

4. Communication contributes to the solution to this problem since many of these conflicts result from________________ （understand）.

5. Dont be rude to your friends even if they________________  （冒犯）you on some occasions.

6. Its necessary to________________ （保持良好关系） our friends， and we should respect and trust them.

7. If we often communicate with our friends， our friendship will___________________________ （strong）.

8. If sometimes we dont agree with each other over some minor things， we should try________________ （设身处地为他们着想）.

9. Last week， I________________ （与……取得联系） one of my classmates， Tom， who was my good friend in senior school.

10.Though he didnt ________        （与……相适应） school life， he got along well with me.

（三）核心句型表达（精于表）

根据要求翻译下列句子。

1. 那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑而布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。

译法一：（现在分词作状语）

________________________________________________________

译法二：（并列句）

________________________________________________________

2. 與他人好好相处，你就会每天都过得很快乐，做什么事情都会成功。

译法一：（祈使句）

________________________________________________________

译法二：（含if引导的条件句）

________________________________________________________

译法一：（简单句）

________________________________________________________

3.一直没有对他讲真话，这让我很苦恼。

译法一：（用it作形式主语）

________________________________________________________

译法二：（含主语从句的复合句）

________________________________________________________

译法一：（用动名词做主语）

________________________________________________________

4.直到高中时我被选为班长我才意识到与他人合作的重要性。

译法一：（陈述句）

________________________________________________________

译法二：（倒装句）

________________________________________________________

实践·主题测评

知识维度诊断评价

I.单句填空

1. I________ （sincere） hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

2. Classmate conflicts often rise from daily tiny things such as space________  to store books or notes.

3. When________ （personality） dont mix， the specifics can tear classmates apart and sometimes even lead to serious conflicts.

4. Classmate conflicts are harmful and need________ （settle）.

5. While still at primary school，Rowan had already shown________ （admire） acting talent.

6. As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next， humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a________ （tolerant） for risk.

7. I want to prove that I can teach myself a________ （respect） profession， without going to college， and be just as good as， if not better than， my competitors.

8. That young man is honest， cooperative， always there when you need his help. In short， hes________ （rely）.

9. Accompanied by his friends， he went to the teachers office to admit________  he had done was wrong.

10. Do as youre told，________  youll be in trouble.

II.单句改错

1. As we all know， friends are people who can share our happiness and sorrow.________

2. One of their neighbors wrote to complaint about the sound of the piano.________

3. Only by these ways can we win others respect and friendship.________

4. The fact which classmates hold different attitudes towards certain issues is another factor causing these conflicts.________

5. Buried in reviewing his lessons these days， so he didnt get in touch with you.________

6. Classmate conflicts between senior middle school students are often heard on campus over recent years.________

7. Students respect their teachers and listen to them in school in respectable ways.________

8. I would appreciate it if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.________

9. He is always willing to help others， so he is familiar with everyone here.________

10. Not until then do I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.________

III.語篇填空

选用所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。

prevent， actual， come， busy， continue， carry， thumb， serve， join， prevent

Foreign Volunteer Does His Part to Prevent Spread of Coronavirus

Wearing a yellow hat， vest and face mask， Munyaradzi Gurure stood at the Yulin train station in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region， 1.________ checking the body temperature of passengers at the entrance.

Though overwhelmed（使不知所措） by the news of the novel coronavirus（新型冠状病毒） outbreak， the 21-year-old student at Guangxi University of Finance and Economics from South Africa has still stepped out 2.________ as a volunteer in the train station to help battle the epidemic（流行病）.

“Im well aware the situation of epidemic 3.________ and control is very severe，” he said. “Seeing that many people actively 4.________ in the fight， I also wanted to do my part and volunteer at the station.”

With the number of novel Coronavirus cases 5.________ to rise both in and outside of China， Gurures family back in South Africa was very worried about his health， and hoped he would quit the volunteer job.

“I told my parents China has taken a lot of strong quarantine（检疫） measures and is        6.________ safe，” he said. “I want to do whatever I can 7.________ the spread of the infection.The country took really good care of me during the last three years. Now its my turn.”

Working about four hours a day， Gurure either 8.________ an 8-kilogram electric sprayer to disinfect（给消毒） the waiting room or checks everyones temperature as soon as they walk into the station.

Though its not easy work， Gurure 9.________ across many Chinese passengers who are very surprised to see a foreign face， but then give a 10.________ up and say “very good” to him in Chinese.