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基于离散Hopfield神经网络的污染车牌字符识别

2020-07-26刘玥孙国强

软件导刊 2020年7期
关键词:字符识别改动车牌

刘玥 孙国强

摘要:传统字符识别方法缺乏对污染车牌字符正确识别的能力,难以有效分辨易混淆字符等。针对这些弊端,采用MATLAB对真实车牌字符图像进行处理,提出一种基于离散Hopfield神经网络的改进算法(CLP-HNN),对车牌字母及数字进行识别。实验结果表明,该算法对污染车牌字符识别率达93.3%,不仅可有效降低污染车牌错误识别的风险,而且可提高易混淆字符正确辨别率,对减少车牌误识别引起的交通安全及秩序问题有较大参考价值。

关键字:污染车牌;字符识别;Hopfield神经网络

DOI:10. 11907/rjdk. 192300 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

中图分类号:TP301文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7800(2020)007-0032-04

Contaminated License Plate Character Recognition

Based on Discrete Hopfield Neural Network

LIU Yue, SUN Guo-qiang

(School of Optical-Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

Abstract: To improve the disadvantages of traditional character recognition methods which lack of ability of correctly recognizing contaminated license plate characters and effectively distinguishing the confusing characters, this paper utilizes MATLAB to process the real license plate character images and proposed the contaminated license plate-Hopfield neural network(CLP-HNN) which is a modified algorithm based on discrete Hopfield neural network to recognize the letters and numbers of contaminated license plate. Experiment results have shown that the recognition rate of contaminated license plate characters by CLP-HNN algorithm can reach 93.3%. It indicates the method proposed in this paper can not only effectively decrease the risk of misrecognition of contaminated license plates but also improve the correct discrimination rate of confusing characters, which is of great significance for reducing traffic safety problems caused by license plate recognition.

Key Words: contaminated license plate; characters recognition; Hopfield neural network

0 引言

智能交通系統(Intelligent Transportation System,ITS)的主要目标是在交通运输管理系统中运用先进的信息、通信、计算机等技术使系统更加实时高效[1-2]。车牌识别技术作为城市智能交通中采集分析信息的重要方式,承担了极其重要的任务[3-4]。常规车牌识别技术一般分为3个环节:定位[5]、分割[6]及识别[7],环环相扣。由于车牌字符正确识别率直接关系到车牌识别系统性能,所以成为完善智能交通管理系统的关键。

然而现实场景中车牌大多受到程度不一的污染,比如雨雪污泥沾染、人为恶意改动以及长期使用造成的质量退化等,这种车牌通常被称为“污染车牌”,也是当前车牌识别难点之一。大多数车牌字符识别是针对正常车牌的,对污染字符缺少成熟的手段,无法确保结果准确、高效。因此,如何从这些残缺、改动、模糊的字符中获取正确完整的字符信息是识别的关键问题。鉴于字母及数字字符的人为污染可能性及对识别结果的影响程度均大于汉字字符,所以本文主要针对字母和数字进行研究。

目前常用车牌字符识别技术主要分为基于模板匹配的字符识别算法[8-9]、基于神经网络的字符识别算法[10-12]、基于特征统计匹配法[13]等。文献[14]提出基于数学形态学的模糊模板匹配方法,但是对质量差的字符识别效果欠佳;肖晓等[15]通过细化字符字库,提出一种改进的模版匹配算法,在一定程度上克服了传统模版匹配无法识别残缺字符的缺点;Parekh等[16]提出一种新的识别算法,它以动态生成的车牌字符作为数据库模板,对字符进行识别;高强[17]利用张量积小波分解高频子图具有方向性的特点,提取字符笔画特征,得到反映字符结构和统计特征的联和特征向量,从而实现字符;Masood等[18]详细介绍了一种全自动车牌检测识别系统,该系统核心技术由深度卷积神经网络(CNN)等算法结合而成;Zhang等[19]使用自然图像训练Hopfield神经网络,以实现自然图像的有效压缩和恢复;Soni等[20]提出一种使用云Hopfield神经网络识别低分辨率灰度面部图像的方法,该网络可以处理变形面部,例如戴太阳镜或口罩遮住部分面庞的人。

對于学习率[η],当训练样本为50、训练次数为80时,学习率为0.9,识别率最高。如表1所示。

对于训练次数,当学习率为0.9,训练样本数为50时,训练次数为75和80时识别率均比较高,但识别率为80时,时延较小,如表2所示。所以本文取学习率为0.9,训练次数为80。

2.3 算法评估

为验证算法效果,对算法进行综合对比:首先对改进的Hopfield神经网络与传统Hopfield进行纵向对比;然后,将本文算法与其它算法进行对比。

表3中的字符“0”极易认为改动为“C”、“G”、“Q”、“8”等,“8”易改动为“0”等,以这些字符为例展示识别结果更具有说服力。由表3实验结果表明,传统Hopfield神经网络不能很好地识别污染车牌,改进的Hopfield神经网络在识别结果上有明显优势,尤其对于相似字符本文方法识别率明显更高。

不同算法在相同测试集下的实验结果如表4所示。

仿真结果与实验数据表明,对于测试集中的字符识别率而言,模板匹配算法是最不理想的,由于算法本身特性导致其对于易混淆字符的识别错误率较高;神经网络算法对于该类污染字符的识别更加有效,而本文提出的CLP-HNN算法识别率最高,污染车牌识别效果最好。

3 结语

本文提出一种CLP-HNN算法实现对污染车牌字符的识别,避免了传统离散Hopfield神经网络存在的弊端。MATLAB模拟结果表明,CLP-HNN对污染车牌的缺失、改动及不完整信息有良好的容错性,联想记忆成功率也较其它算法更高,识别结果更加贴近准确字符,具有优越的污染车牌字符识别能力。本文实验仅考虑了数字和字母字符,尚未验证CLP-HNN算法是否符合汉字识别,因此将针对该方向继续深入研究。

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(責任编辑:江 艳)

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