现代民族国家视阈中的国乐建构
2020-07-10叶洁纯
摘 要:20世纪20年代兴起的国乐建设运动与中国现代民族国家建设密切相关。刘天华提出国乐改进思想并为之倾注毕生精力。受平民主义思想和改造国民性思想的影响,刘天华主张将中国传统音乐的所有种类作为国乐,认为它们能够启蒙国民、塑造国民。在国乐建构的路径上,刘天华提出“中西调和”论,一方面对传统音乐资源进行开发和利用,为民族性建构尋找传统的支持,一方面学习先进的西方音乐,推动传统音乐现代化。刘天华的国乐建构,其本质在于创造,即综合中西音乐之精华创造中国新国乐,传承和发扬中国传统音乐的气质与风格,为中国音乐文化的发展奠定了坚实的基础。
关键词:民族国家;刘天华;国乐建构;中西调和;创造
中图分类号:J603 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-444X(2020)03-0054-08
国际DOI编码:1015958/jcnkigdxbysb202003009
Abstract:The movement of constructing national music in 1920s is closely related to the construction of modern Chinese nation-stateLIU Tianhua proposed the innovation of national music and devoted his whole life to itInfluenced by the thought of populism and that of remolding Chinese national character,LIU Tianhua advocated all kinds of Chinese traditional music should be regarded as national music that could enlighten and shape the peopleOn the way of constructing national music,LIU Tianhua suggested the “cultural coordination between China and the West”On one hand,it advocated to develop and utilize the traditional music resources to seek the traditional footing for the national constructionOn the other hand,it suggested to learn the advanced Western music to promote the modernization of the traditional musicThe essence of LIU Tianhuas construction of national music is creation,that is,to absorb the cream of Chinese and Western music to create new Chinese national music that may inherit and carry forward the disposition and style of Chinese traditional music and thus it lays a solid foundation for the development of Chinese music culture
Key words:national music;LIU Tianhua;construction of national music;the coordination between China and the West;creation
1920年代兴起的国乐建设运动是与中国现代民族国家建设紧密相连的。在当时音乐精英们的意识中,国乐不只是作为表达国民思想和情感的精神载体,亦是彰显中国民族特性的一个象征和符号,是构建中国现代民族国家的组成部分。刘天华作为中国近代著名的演奏家和作曲家,他一生学贯中西、理艺并长,提出“国乐改进”理念并付诸实践,力图为现代中国创造一种进步的音乐文化,从而唤起国民的民族认同和增强民族的凝聚力,并改善中国音乐在世界乐坛上的地位。本文将在中国现代民族国家建设的视域中,深入分析其国乐观念的基本内涵、国乐对于民族国家的意义,以及国乐建构的路径,并对其国乐建构的本质重新作出思考。……