乔景慧 蔡传全

摘 要：回转窑是氧化铝生产的核心设备，由筒体、托轮、轮带、挡轮和传动设备等组成，是复杂的超静定运行系统。筒体是整个系统的主要支撑部件，物料的物理、化学反应均在筒体内完成，回转窑筒体的运行状态直接影响物料的烧成程度。基于超静定连续梁模型和赫兹理论，本文将筒体视为简支梁，对各挡位支撑力进行求解，并定義筒体当量密度来处理整个筒体的重力，将传统力学方法求得的支撑力与ANSYS求解的支撑力进行比较，为ANSYS分析提供理论支持，综合考虑多个附件的荷载对筒体刚度造成的复杂影响，依据筒体的应力图、变形图来确定其危险截面，根据应变云图结果，确定变形量最大的挡位，保证筒体稳定运行，为回转窑结构设计优化提供参考。

关键词：回转窑;筒体;应力分析;有限元法

Abstract： Rotary kiln is the core equipment for alumina production， which is composed of cylinder， supporting roller， wheel belt， retaining wheel and transmission equipment， and is a complex ultra-static running system. The barrel is the main supporting component of the entire system， the physical and chemical reactions of the materials are completed in the barrel， the operating state of the rotary kiln shell directly affects the degree of material firing. Based on the statically indeterminate continuous beam model and the Hertz theory， this paper regarded the cylinder as a simply supported beam， solved; the support force of each gear， and defined the cylinder equivalent density to handle the gravity of the entire cylinder. The support force obtained by traditional mechanics method was compared with the support force solved by ANSYS to provide theoretical support for ANSYS analysis; considering the complex impact of the load of multiple accessories on the rigidity of the cylinder， the dangerous section was determined according to the stress diagram and deformation diagram of the cylinder; according to the results of the strain cloud diagram， the gear with the largest amount of deformation was determined to ensure the stable operation of the cylinder， which provided a reference for the structural design optimization of the rotary kiln.

Keywords： rotary kiln;cylinder;stress analysis;finite element method

回转窑是生产水泥、石灰、冶金和化工的核心设备，也是对散状或浆状的物料进行热处理的热工设备。筒体、回转部件、物料和窑衬等的质量极大，少则有几百吨，多则有几千吨。作为复杂重载、变刚度、多支撑的大型超静定回转筒体设备，回转窑的正常运行不仅对企业的生产效益十分重要，更是生产安全的重要保障[1]。回转窑的强度问题表现为筒体在荷载作用下产生弯曲变形，易造成挡轮和托轮底座破裂、地脚螺栓拉断以及混凝土破裂等现象，给企业生产和人员安全造成巨大损失[1]。筒体在实际运行中的荷载、变形和应力十分复杂。……