宋军霞

[摘要] 目的 研究分析妊娠糖尿病筛查与妊娠糖尿病母儿结局的关系。方法 择取2017年1月—2019年1月于该院开展妊娠糖尿病筛查，将该阶段所有在该院进行产检，符合妊娠糖尿病筛查的孕妇纳入研究，调查妊娠糖尿病的发生率。同时，给予相应的妊娠糖尿病综合干预，按照血糖控制情况，将患者分为良好组（血糖控制良好）与不良组（血糖控制不良）。 结果 该院共筛查了3 879例孕妇，其中107例孕妇确诊为糖尿病。与良好组比较，不良组孕妇的妊高症、先兆子痫、胎死宫内等发病率明显更高（P<0.05）。与良好组比较，不良组孕妇的新生儿畸形、低体重儿等发病率明显更高（P<0.05）。结论 开展妊娠糖尿病筛查，及时发现妊娠糖尿病孕妇，及时给予有效干预，在一定程度上可改善妊娠糖尿病的母婴结局。

[关键词] 妊娠糖尿病;母儿结局;血糖控制良好;先兆子痫;妊高症;新生儿畸形

[中图分类号] R714          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1672-4062（2020）01（b）-0008-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the relationship between gestational diabetes screening and maternal and fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Gestational diabetes screening was performed in the hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. All the pregnant women who were in the hospital for screening for gestational diabetes screening were included in the study to investigate the incidence of gestational diabetes. At the same time， the corresponding comprehensive intervention for gestational diabetes was given， and according to the blood glucose control， the patients were divided into a good group （good blood glucose control） and a bad group （poor blood glucose control）. Results A total of 3 879 pregnant women were screened in the hospital， of which 107 were diagnosed with diabetes. Compared with the good group， the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension， pre-eclampsia， and intrauterine fetal death was significantly higher in the poor group （P<0.05）. Compared with the good group， the incidence of neonatal malformation and low birth weight in the poor group was significantly higher （P<0.05）. Conclusion Screening for gestational diabetes， timely detection of pregnant women with gestational diabetes， timely and effective intervention， to a certain extent can improve the maternal and fetal outcomes of gestational diabetes.

[Key words] Gestational diabetes; Maternal and child outcomes; Good glycemic control; Pre-eclampsia; Pregnancy-induced hypertension; Neonatal malformation

妊娠糖尿病是一種比较特殊的糖尿病，孕妇妊娠期出现糖耐量减退、糖代谢紊乱的病理现象。临床发现，妊娠糖尿病的发病率较高，但各国的发病率都不一致[1]。我国妊娠糖尿病患病率在6.6%以上，英国妊娠糖尿病患病率则在13%～19%范围内。导致妊娠糖尿病的影响因素较多，多与孕妇妊娠后，饮食状态改变，饮食结构改变，饮食量增加等因素相关[2]。但妊娠糖尿病的发生，会给母婴安全造成一定威胁，甚至会导致母婴死亡。因此，开展妊娠糖尿病筛查，并采取相应的干预措施，辅助孕妇控制血糖水平，改善母婴结局是非常有必要的。该研究择取2017年1月—2019年1月，于该院开展妊娠糖尿病筛查，主要分析了妊娠糖尿病筛查与妊娠糖尿病母儿结局的关系，现报道如下。

1  资料与方法