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美洲南瓜枯萎病菌分离鉴定及其生物学特性

2020-05-06李金峰刘佳侯敏张树武沈志彦徐秉良陈荣贤

中国瓜菜 2020年3期

李金峰 刘佳 侯敏 张树武 沈志彦 徐秉良 陈荣贤

摘 要: 通过采用病原菌形态学观察、ITS分子鉴定、病原菌生物学特性测定,明确甘肃省武威地区美洲南瓜枯萎病的病原菌及其生物学特性。结果表明,引起甘肃省武威地区美洲南瓜枯萎病的病原为尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。该病原菌在25 ℃、12 h光暗交替,pH为8,以淀粉为碳源时生长最好。以硝酸钠和尿素为氮源时其生长速率最快,以牛肉浸膏为氮源时最有利于产孢。美洲南瓜枯萎病的病原菌及生物学特性的明确,为后续的病害防治等方面提供了理论基础。

關键词: 美洲南瓜;枯萎病;分离鉴定;尖孢镰孢菌;生物学特性

Abstact: In this study, morphological observation of pathogens, molecular identification of ITS, and determination of biological characteristics of pathogens were used to determine the pathogens and biological characteristics of Cucurbita pepo Fusarium wilt in Wuwei area of Gansu province. The results showed that the pathogen causing Cucurbita pepo Fusarium wilt in Wuwei area of Gansu province was Fusarium oxysporum. The fungi was alternated in light and dark at 25 ℃, 12 h, pH 8 and grew best when starch was used as the carbon source. When sodium nitrate and urea were used as nitrogen sources, the growth rate was fastest, and when beef extract was used as nitrogen source, it was most conducive to spore production. The pathogens and biological characteristics of the Cucurbita pepo Fusarium wilt disease provide a theoretical basis for subsequent disease control.

美洲南瓜(Cucurbita pepo)属于葫芦科南瓜属(Cucurbita),别名为西葫芦、番瓜等,原产于北美洲南部地区。因其含有多种营养成分,具有很高的食用和药用价值,在我国大部分地区普遍栽培[1]。甘肃省武威市是美洲南瓜的重要育种研发和生产基地,也是当地重要的经济作物之一[2]。

瓜类枯萎病是瓜类生产上最难防治的土传性病害之一[3],其中,以西瓜发病最重,南瓜次之,一般可导致减产20%~30%,严重时可达50%~60%,其中连作地的发病情况最为严重,常可导致全田无收,加之近年来枯萎病对美洲南瓜的危害日益严重,但其防治较为困难。因此,枯萎病的危害是瓜类生产上急需解决的重要问题[4],也成为限制美洲南瓜生产的重要因素之一[5]。

研究表明,瓜类枯萎病的病原菌多为尖孢镰孢菌[6]。引起甜瓜枯萎病的病原菌为尖孢镰孢菌甜瓜专化型Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonls[7]。……

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