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ELISA法和荧光定量RT-PCR在登革热病毒感染早期检测中的差异对比

2020-04-27何思杰蔡银凤何锋荣黄翠芳

中外医学研究 2020年5期

何思杰 蔡银凤 何锋荣 黄翠芳

【摘要】 目的:比较ELISA法和荧光定量RT-PCR在登革病毒感染早期检测中的差异,提高早期筛查效率。方法:收集2016年1月-2018年12月广东省佛山市地区疑似登革热且发病7 d内的病例的血清标本3 780份,均采用ELISA法(登革热病毒NS1抗原检测)及荧光定量RT-PCR(病毒核酸检测)进行检测,比较两种检测方法的差异。结果:在病程第2~5天,ELISA法检测的阳性率低于荧光定量RT-PCR检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在病程第6~7天荧光定量RT-PCR检测的阳性率低于ELISA法检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于疑似登革热病例早期筛查,发病2~5 d可先行荧光定量RT-PCR检测,对于发病6~7 d可先行ELISA法检测,以提高筛查效率。

【关键词】 ELISA法 荧光定量RT-PCR 登革病毒 实验室检测

[Abstract] Objective: To compare the difference between ELISA and fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR in early detection of dengue virus infection and improve the efficiency of early screening. Method: A total of 3 780 serum samples of suspected cases of dengue virus within 7 days of onset from January 2016 to December 2018 in Foshan, Guangdong province were collected, all of which were detected by ELISA (detection of dengue virus NS1 antigen) and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (detection of viral nucleic acid). The differences between the two detection methods were compared. Result: The positive rate of ELISA method were lower than those of fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR on the 2nd to 5th day of the course of disease, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rate of fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR were lower than those of ELISA on the 6th to 7th days of the course of disease, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: For early screening of suspected cases of dengue virus, fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR can be performed for detection 2 to 5 days after onset of disease, and ELISA method can be performed for detection 6 to 7 days after onset of disease, so as to improve the screening efficiency.

登革热是一种由蚊传播的病毒性传染病,传播速度快,甚至爆发流行[1]。登革热无特殊临床症状,实验室检查将发挥极为重要作用,如何尽可能早期确诊登革热,对其防控、治疗意义重大。目前针对登革热的筛查,主要有病毒核酸检测、相关抗体抗原检测,其病毒核酸检测的阳性率较高,但其操作较为复杂;而NS1抗原检测其筛查阳性率相对偏低,但检测相对简便,临床上检测各有优劣[2]。目前临床针对登革热早期筛查的研究较少。因此,本研究针对广东省佛山地区可疑的病程7 d以内的登革热病例,采集血清标本,进行ELISA法和荧光定量RT-PCR筛查,比较两种检测方法的价值,以寻找最佳的筛查方法,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

收集2016年1月-2018年12月广东省佛山市地区疑似登革热且发病7 d内的病例的血清标本3 780份,其中男2 340例,女1 440例;平均年龄(38.67±4.15)岁;平均病程(3.01±1.01)d。

对所收集的标本相关资料进行统计、整理。其中病程是以发病天数为准,如患者1月1日发病,1月2日进行血清标本采样,则病程为2 d。……

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