孙鹏 张志华 张长

摘 要：中药生产废水采用“双效浓缩-水解酸化-好氧SBR-混凝沉淀-二氧化氯脱色”的工艺，浓度高的醇提废水与其他低浓度废水分类处理。醇提废水经热回流双效浓缩预处理降低污染物浓度，可以回收乙醇，变废为宝，然后与低浓度废水混合均质，再进行生化处理。废水经治理后，厂区总排口出水水质：COD为75.3 mg/L，BOD5为13 mg/L，NH3-N为3.3 mg/L，SS为31 mg/L，色度为20倍（稀释倍数），可以满足《中药类制药工业水污染物排放标准》（GB21906—2008）表2标准要求。污水处理工艺处理效果好，在中药生产废水处理中具有较好的应用价值。

关键词：中药废水;醇提废水;热回流双效浓缩;水解酸化;SBR

中图分类号：X703.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2020）04-0145-04

Abstract： The process of "doubleeffect concentration-hydrolytic acidification-aerobic SBR - coagulation precipitation - chlorine dioxide decolorization" was adopted in the wastewater treatment in Chinese traditional medicine production.The alcohol extraction wastewater with high concentration and other low concentration wastewater were treated separately.The ethanol extraction wastewater can be recycled and transformed into a treasure by heat reflux double effect concentration pretreatment to reduce the concentration of pollutants， and then mixed with low concentration wastewater for homogenization， and then biochemical treatment is carried out.After wastewater treatment， the effluent quality of the total discharge outlet of the plant is as follows： cod is 75.3 mg/l， BOD5 is 13 mg/L， NH3-N is 3.3 mg/L， SS is 31 mg/L， and chroma is 20 times （dilution multiple）， which can meet the requirements of Table 2 in the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pharmaceutical Industry Chinese Traditional Medicine Category（GB 21906—2008）.The treatment process has good treatment effect.It has good application value in the wastewater treatment in Chinese traditional medicine.

Keywords： chinese traditional medicine wastewater;ethanol extraction wastewater;thermal reflux double effect concentration;hydrolytic acidification;SBR

中藥生产废水中主要含有中药有效成分残留物、木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、老化的大孔树脂、有机溶剂（乙醇）、甙类、蒽醌类、生物碱及其水解产物等，具有成分复杂、水量不稳定、污染物多样化、有机物含量高、高色度、气味异常等特点，采用单一的处理工艺很难达到排放要求。常用的中药生产废水治理工艺有水解酸化、接触氧化、A/O、IC、好氧MBR及其上述工艺的组合工艺[1-4]。根据废水的水质特点，河南省某中药生产企业确定采用“双效浓缩+水解酸化+好氧SBR+混凝沉淀”工艺对废水进行处理，且取得了较好的处理效果。

1 废水水质与水量

河南省某中药企业主要生产片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、散剂等一系列产品，废水来源主要为洗药废水、提取工段浓缩废水、地面及设备清洗废水、纯化水制备废水、循环冷却水、锅炉软化废水及员工生活污水。……