周赛霞　彭焱松　詹选怀　张丽　梁同军　刘向平　潘福兴

摘要：  庐山黄山松（Pinus taiwanensis）广泛分布于海拔800 m以上至山顶地段，在庐山现存植被中占有非常重要的地位。为了更好地了解黄山松在庐山的更新和演替情况，该文通过对庐山黄山松种群的调查，以种群径级结构代替年龄结构，采用“空间代时间”的分析方法，编制庐山黄山松种群的静态生命表，结合种群结构动态指数、时间序列平均推移法模型等方法对黄山松的种群结构和数量动态进行了分析。结果表明：（1）庐山黄山松种群结构呈纺锤形，幼龄和老龄个体数量较少，中龄个体多，目前处于比较稳定的阶段。（2）黄山松种群死亡高峰出现在第8龄级，个体平均期望寿命第2龄级最大，种群存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅰ型。（3）随着时间的推移，老龄个体逐渐增多，小径级出现缺失，种群表现出衰退趋势。建议在保护区经营和管理的过程中，对黄山松林进行适当的人工抚育，补植一些适宜的落叶阔叶树种，以丰富该地区的树种多样性以及群落结构。

关键词： 黄山松， 静态生命表， 种群结构， 种群动态， 庐山

中图分类号：  Q948.12文献标识码：  A

文章编号：  1000-3142（2020）02-0247-08

Abstract：  Pinus taiwanensis forest is distributed in an altitude of 800 m above to the peak area widely， which plays an important role in the actual vegetation of Lushan Mountain. In order to understand the population renewal and succession of P. taiwanensis better， the population structure and numeric dynamics of P. taiwanensis were analyzed， through the investigation of the population of the P. taiwanensis in Lushan Mountain， by using the analysis method of “Space Generation Time” to comply the static life-table of the population of the P. taiwanensis and replacing the age structure to the population diameter level structure， which was combined the dynamic index of population structure and time-sequence model. The results were as follows： （1） The structure of the population of P. taiwanensis in Lushan Mountain was spindle-shaped. The number of middle-aged individuals was larger than that of saplings and old individuals， it was in a relatively stable stage at present. （2） The analysis of life-table and functional value curves showed the population had one peak of mortality in age Class 8 and the life expectancy was the highest in age Class 2. The survival curve of the population belonged to Deevey-Ⅰ type. （3） Time-sequence models for P. taiwanensis population predicted that the number of old individuals would increase， the seedlings and saplings would constantly decline; the age structure was stable at present， but the species showed declining trends. We suggest that we should take some appropriate artificial measures for ensuring continuous and steady growth of P. taiwanensis populations， and replant some suitable species of broad-leaved trees to enrich the diversity of tree species and community structure in the process of operation and management of this area.

Key words： Pinus taiwanensis， static life-table， population structure， population dynamics， Lushan Mountain

以靜态生命表编制为核心的种群统计方法近年来广泛用于研究种群数量动态（韩路等，2007;李蒙等，2013;张婕等，2014;张萱蓉等，2017;吴邦利等，2018），在年龄较长或世代重叠的种群中应用价值很大。生命表通过分析种群大小和年龄结构特征来追溯种群过去的生长历史，分析现存状态和更新情况，预测种群未来的发展趋势和稳定性（胡喜生等，2007;黄雅昆等，2015）。……