李兴周

摘要    为研究药用大黄林药间作的关键技术，于陕西省镇巴县盐场镇响洞村退耕香椿林地下移栽一年生药用大黄种苗，并测定其生长发育情况。结果表明，药用大黄生物量的积累随种植年度的增加而增加，第1年增长较为缓慢，第2年、第3年增速较快;不同郁闭度对药用大黄生物量的积累有显著性影响，当郁闭度为40%时，生物量积累最为显著，药用大黄平均单根鲜重高达5.3 kg。镇巴县药用大黄与香椿树林药间作，可以有效地缓解土地资源匮乏，保护野生资源不被破坏，同时也是生态种植的一种应用，为镇巴县林药间作模式提供有效的技术支撑。

关键词    药用大黄;林药间作;鲜重;陕西镇巴

中图分类号    S567        文献标识码    A

Abstract    In order to study the key intercropping technique of Rheum officinale Baill.，the annual seedlings were transplanted in the Chinese toon forest（returning farmland）in Xiangdong Village，Yanchang Town，Zhenba County，Shaanxi Province，and their growth and development were measured.The results showed that the biomass accumulation of Rheum officinale Baill. increased with the increase of the planting year，the growth was relatively slower in the first year and relatively faster in the second and third year.The canopy closure had significant effect on the biomass accumulation of Rheum officinale Baill. when the canopy closure was 40%，the biomass accumulation was the most obvious，and the average single root fresh weight of Rheum officinale Baill. reached 5.3 kg.The intercropping of Rheum officinale Baill. with Chinese toon trees in Zhenba County could effectively alleviate the scarcity of land resources，protect wild resources from being destroyed，and was also an application of ecological cultivation;it also provided effective technical support for the intercropping mode of forest and medicine in Zhenba County.

Key words    Rheum officinale Baill.;forest-medicine intercropping;fresh weight;Zhenba Shaanxi

药用大黄（Rheum officinale Baill.），为蓼科大黄属多年生高大草本植物，主产于陕西、四川等地，适生于海拔1 200～4 000 m的山沟或林下[1]。2015版药典规定，药用大黄的干燥根和根茎可作为药用[2]。大黄是一种内外均可使用的中药材，最主要的功效是通阻，同时还具有解毒、排污、止血等功效，在我国运用十分广泛[3]。随着中药产业的复兴，药用植物的研究也逐步加深，目前诸多学者对大黄的品种、栽培、提取、藥理等多方面进行了研究;将大黄按照产地、药效、形状的差异进行划分，展开现代化、科学化、生态化的栽培技术研究;立足生态，发展现代化新型农业模式。

1999年四川、陕西、甘肃3个省率先开展了退耕还林试点工程，揭开了我国退耕还林的序幕，经过多年的发展，该工程已取得了明显的成效，如何利用目前大面积的人工林地，让土地利用率最大化、利润合理化、产业可持续化是亟待解决的问题。……