叶刚

摘 要 研究刘光第的学者较少关注其经济生活，而刘光第京师期间的治生实践却折射出他的为官目的和人生诉求。通过系统性梳理可以发现，刘光第京师为官期间的收入主要包括俸禄、印结、润笔费、私人资助、地方津贴和官场陋规等，每年大约有五百两，仅能维持其最低生活水准。他的治生原则和实践折射出不求个人富贵、一心报国的人生诉求，凸显了在清贫中为报国而牺牲的高尚情操。

关键词 刘光第 京师为官 治生

Abstract The scholars who studied Liu Guangdi paid less attention to his economic life， but Liu Guangdi's practice of earning in the capital highlighted his purpose of being an official and pursuit of life. Through systematic combing， we can find that Liu Guangdi's income as an official in Beijing included salaries， guarantee fees， contribution fees， private funding， local allowances， official gifts and so on， totaling about 500 fine silver a year， only to maintain the lowest standard of living. His principle and practice of earning reflected his life aspiration of not seeking personal wealth but devoting himself to serving the country， and highlighted his noble sentiment of sacrificing for serving the country though living in poverty.

Keyword Liu Guangdi; as an official in Beijing; earning

歷来关于刘光第的研究，大多集中在其爱国思想和维新主张上，较少关注其经济生活，对他在京师为官期间的治生实践更是缺乏系统性梳理。以往的研究成果，既不能全面概括刘光第的治生实践，也有错漏之处，如关于印结收入语焉不详，对于冰炭费等失之武断等。系统性审视刘光第京师为官期间的治生实践，不仅可以更好地还原他鲜活的生存状态，还可以凸显出他的为官目的，这对于深入认识刘光第的思想情操和人生追求而言，都是具有重要意义的。《刘光第集》收录了《自京师与自流井刘安怀堂手札》（以下简称手札）等书信和日记《南旋记》[1]，这些文字因其私密性，比较罕见地记录了刘光第的大量经济生活史料，为研究刘光第的治生实践提供了丰富的素材。通过梳理这些文字记录，可以发现刘光第京师为官期间的治生实践，大略可以分为以下三个方面。

一、合法性的劳动收入

刘光第1888年刚入京师为官时，在手札第一函中曾计划过自己每年的基本收入：