APP下载

沿着诗路游浙江

2020-03-16潘心怡

文化交流 2020年2期
关键词:仙都诗路唐诗

潘心怡

“一文含四带,十地耀百珠”,文化之魂通过一句句诗句,深深镌刻在了浙江大地。浙江省的“诗路文化带”,就是把山水和文化融合的诗路建设。浙江省黄金旅游线及首批诗路旅游目的地的甄选,是对浙江历史文脉、旅游资源的重新梳理,让一个个诗路文化新地标串珠成链,串起诗路文化之“链”,串起诗画山水之“链”,串起全域发展之“链”,让大家乐在景里、游在诗里,共享浙江这个诗画大花园。

嵊州市越剧小镇

嵊州素有“东南山水越為最,越地风光剡领先”之誉,灵秀的剡溪风光,引得众多唐代诗人入剡寻根溯源、行游吟诵,留下千古名篇。在嵊州,诗歌是可以用越剧唱出来的,坐落于剡溪之畔的越剧小镇,依托嵊州境内万年小黄山、千年唐诗路留下的文化积淀,以及秀美壮阔的自然风光而建,在展示发源于嵊州的百年艺术瑰宝、全国第二大剧种越剧的同时,将诗歌与越剧结合,让“诗路嵊州”有了新玩法。

蒸鱼闻匕首,除道哂要章。越女天下白,鉴湖五月凉。

剡溪蕴秀异,欲罢不能忘。归帆拂天姥,中岁贡旧乡。

——《壮游》()杜甫

新昌县天姥山国家级风景名胜区

作为“浙东唐诗之路”的首倡地,新昌的万般诗意都容纳进了山水之中。新昌县天姥山国家级风景名胜区,包括了大佛寺分区、沃洲天姥分区、十九峰分区,涵盖了浙东唐诗之路最精华的地段。目前,新昌以全域景区化为打造目标,依托主体景区,大力开发唐诗文化修学旅游、佛教文化禅修旅游、茶香文化研学旅游,并挖掘名胜区内“唐诗之路”沿线各点的成语典故、神话传说等,打造了唐诗小镇、唐诗风情村、唐诗驿站,真正串点成线。

天姥连天向天横,势拔五岳掩赤城。

天台四万八千丈,对此欲倒东南倾。

我欲因之梦吴越,一夜飞度镜湖月。

——《梦游天姥吟留别》()李白

天台县天台山旅游景区

天台山素以“佛宗道源、山水神秀”享誉海内外。天台山历史悠久,文化深厚,有着独特的“天台山文化”。历史上李白、杜甫、王维、孟浩然、白居易等或壮游或宦游,载酒扬帆,击节高歌,尽情赞咏天台山风光,留下了大量诗篇。为积极打造诗路旅游目的地,天台推出“研学天台山诗路霞客行”、“雅望唐诗路”等活动,同时依托优秀的研学平台,让更多的青少年通过诵诗、学诗、作诗等活动,走进美妙的唐诗世界。

龙楼凤阙不肯住,飞腾直欲天台去。

——《琼台》()李白

临海台州府城文化旅游区

临海是浙东唐诗之路的枢纽地,素有“小邹鲁”和“文化之邦”之称,东濒东海、西接仙居、南连黄岩、北依天台,隋唐以来一直是台州府治所在地。

台州府城文化旅游区位于临海古城区,由台州府城墙、紫阳街、东湖、巾山4个主要景区组成,至今已有2000多年历史,其中全国文物保护单位台州府城墙,目前已被列入中国世界文化遗产预备名单。区域内的巾山为浙东“唐诗之路”重要节点。府城坚持以文为基、以旅为业,抓好文化产业大平台建设,计划建唐诗之路展馆、布唐诗文化长廊、立唐诗之路标志性建筑。

家在双峰兰若边,一声秋磬发孤烟。

山连极浦鸟飞尽,月上青林人未眠。

——《临海所居三首》()顾况

浙江神仙居景区

神仙居景区是仙居国家公园核心区,国家级风景名胜区,国家5A级景区。神仙居因山中多石头仙人——“仙之人兮列如麻”而得名。其东连浙东第一高峰括苍山,景区内负氧离子含量高,平均达每立方厘米2.1万个,是名副其实的天然氧吧。得闲即是仙,行走其间,自在愉悦,这便是行走在神仙居的诗意感受。

移得仙居此地来,花丛自遍不曾栽。

庭前亚树张衣桁,坐上新泉泛酒杯。

轩槛暗传深竹径,绮罗长拥乱书堆。

闲乘画舫吟明月,信任轻风吹却回。

——《夏日山居》()鱼玄机

杭州市拱宸桥桥西历史文化街区

在风华绝代的大运河畔,拱宸桥桥西历史文化街区勾勒出一幅运河“人文水墨画”。从晋代至清代,历代文人在这条诗路上留下了千百首诗词名篇。

街区占地面积7万余平方米,商业面积1.5万平方米,现有原住民316户。自2017年起,街区着力于留住中外游客、繁荣文化产业、浓厚文化氛围、提升街区品位的工作。现在的街区融入了运河景色,中国刀剪剑博物馆、中国扇博物馆、手工艺活态馆等博物馆群落贯穿其中,胡同弄堂、民国景致、老厂旧址等散落各处。

茱萸的重九,不佩茱萸

登高的佳日,也未登高

诗友文朋却来了不少

不上酒楼却入了舒羽的

咖啡雅座,雕花的亭阁

斜对着拱宸大桥,两侧

拱起了陡坡,桥墩在中流

雄踞着趴蝮,龙生第六

遥望若狮,朦胧得惊人

桥影在窗格子外,那运河

水声滔滔犹似一千多年前

今夕却为现代诗配音

伴着众诗人所诵:空山松子

白玉苦瓜,珍珠项链,三生石

为越海归来的诗翁朗吟

……

——《拱宸桥诗会》()余光中

建德市梅城古镇

“野旷天低树,江清月近人”,“有家皆掩映,无处不潺湲”。梅城古镇三江融汇,无数美不胜收的风景给文人墨客带来无尽的灵感。这里诗画冠绝、享誉八方,有4800余首诗歌落地生根。梅城是孟浩然《宿建德江》实景地,陆游《剑南诗稿》刊刻地,李白的《酬崔侍御》、杜牧的《睦州四韵》都是脍炙人口的传世佳作,形成了唯一的地方诗歌流派“睦州诗派”。2018年,梅城古镇被评为“浙江省诗词之乡”。

移舟泊烟渚,日暮客愁新。

野旷天低树,江清月近人。

——《宿建德江》()孟浩然

浙江莫干山风景区

“竹、云、泉”是她的韵脚,“清、绿、凉”是她的句点,此番美景作伴,让你不会写诗也会吟。莫干山风景区位于浙江德清县境内,其中景区面积为36平方公里。风景区划分为四大景区一条景观带,即莫干山景区、天泉山景区、石颐寺景区、莫干湖景区、双溪景观带,以竹海别墅为特色,具有观光、休闲、度假、避暑和生态保护等功能。一千多年的开发史,使莫干山拥有丰富的人文景观,众多历史名人为莫干山留下了难以计数的诗文、石刻、事迹,使之成为拥有丰富历史遗存的文化名山。

翻身复进七人房,回首峰峦入莽苍。

四十八盘才走过,风驰又已到钱塘。

——《七绝·莫干山》()毛泽东

西塘古镇

“旭日满晴川,翩翩贾客船。千金呈百货,跬步塞齐肩。”这是明代诗人周鼎眼中的《西塘晓市》,生活气息浓郁。春秋的水,唐宋的镇,明清的建筑,这里的一砖一瓦都诉说着小镇里的诗意生活。

西塘古镇是运河沿线的重镇,其地势平坦,河流密布,自然环境幽静。鸟瞰全镇,处处绿波荡漾,家家临水入影,整座水乡古镇似诗如画,人处其间,恍然桃源琼瑶,不知是人在画中游,还是画在心中移。

西塘素以桥多、弄多、廊棚多而闻名,是运河诗路上“江南水乡”的突出代表,也是专家研究“江南水乡民俗文化”的重要基地、艺术家描绘“江南水乡风貌”的净地,游客尽情享受“江南水乡风情”的胜地、原住民“安居乐业、发家致富”的聚财地。

旭日满晴川,翩翩贾客船。

千金呈百货,跬步塞齐肩。

——《西塘晓市》()周鼎

兰溪市诸葛八卦村

这里延续着诸葛亮的智慧,这里散落着李渔的闲适,八卦奇村,华夏一绝。作为钱塘江诗路的重要组成部分,金华境内编织起诗人行迹图、水系交通图、遗产风物图、名城古镇图、婺学学脉图,而兰溪诸葛八卦村则是其中的重要历史节点。

兰溪诸葛八卦村是三国名相诸葛亮后裔的最大聚居地,有诸葛亮后裔3000多人,至今有保存完好的元、明、清建筑200多座。建筑物的个体和聚落群体保存完好,深刻体现了封建宗法制度的等级秩序;古商业建筑群,是反映明末清初社会从纯农业经济向商品经济发展这一历史过程的难得史料,具有很高的历史、科学和艺术价值,在钱塘江诗路的历史文化研究上有重要意义。

夫君子之行,静以修身,俭以养德。非淡泊无以明志,非宁静无以致远。夫学须静也,才须学也,非学无以广才,非志无以成学。淫慢则不能励精,险躁则不能治性。年與时驰,意与日去,遂成枯落,多不接世,悲守穷庐,将复何及!

——《诫子书》()诸葛亮

楠溪江国家风景名胜区

这里,让谢灵运流连忘返;这里,是“山水诗的摇篮”。谢灵运任永嘉太守期间,在此留下了大量的山水诗,永嘉因此被誉为“中国山水诗的摇篮”。楠溪江则是永嘉最具代表性的风景名胜区。

悠悠楠溪江融天然风光和人文景观于一体,以水秀、岩奇、瀑多、村古、滩林美而闻名遐迩,是中国国家级风景区中唯一以山水田园风光见长的景区。

我行穷水国,君使入京华。

相去日千里,孤帆天一涯。

卧闻海潮至,起视江月斜。

借问同舟客,何时到永嘉?

——《宿永嘉江寄山阴崔少府国辅》()孟浩然

衢州市南孔古城

衢州市南孔古城是“东南阙里”孔圣后裔的第二故乡,是徐霞客曾5次游历的山水福城;是国际花园城市,“一座最有礼的城市”。

衢州地处浙江省西部、浙江母亲河钱塘江的源头,是钱塘江诗路上的一颗明珠,至今已有1800多年建城史,是儒学文化在江南的传播中心,历史上儒风浩荡、人才辈出。

梅子黄时日日晴,

小溪泛尽却山行。

绿阴不减来时路,

添得黄鹂四五声。

——《三衢道中》()曾几

普陀山风景名胜区

普陀山是诗人梦中幻化成仙的圣地,是海客言谈中追求的瀛洲,是中国佛教四大名山之一,是著名的观音道场,素有“海天佛国”、“南海圣境”之称。全岛形似苍龙卧海,现今全山开放有寺院共40多座,以普济寺、法雨寺、慧济寺和宝陀讲寺最为著名。最大的地标是总高33米的南海观音大佛。

除了唐代诗人的著作外,自宋朝起,随着舟山开放度的进一步提高,这里成了文人墨客、被贬政客的灵感之源。近年出版的《昌国诗词》,收录了自李唐到晚清与舟山有关的古诗词253首,这其中还不包括已收录于《普陀山诗词全集》中有关普陀山、珞珈山的部分。

羁游那复恨,奇观有南溟。

浪蹴半空白,天浮无尽青。

吞吐交日月,鸿洞战雷霆。

醉后吹横笛,鱼龙亦出听。

——《海中醉题》()陆游

缙云县仙都景区

仙都景区,山水神秀,素有“黄帝缙云,人间仙都”的美誉。景区因唐玄宗李隆基惊叹“真乃仙人荟萃之都也”并乘兴御书“仙都”两字而得名。仙都由鼎湖峰、小赤壁、仙都观、倪翁洞、朱潭山等五大景点组成。九曲练溪,十里画廊,峰岩奇绝,人文荟萃,是融田园风光与人文史迹为一体的国家级风景区。

仙都是中国南方黄帝文化的辐射中心,有“天下第一笋”——鼎湖峰,“天下第一祠”——黄帝祠宇,留下了众多文化传说。仙都别具风格的秀美山水被誉为“天然摄影棚”,有500多部影视作品曾在仙都取景拍摄。

黄帝旌旗去不回,空余片石碧崔嵬。

有时风卷鼎湖浪,散作晴天雨点来。

天地茫茫成古今,仙都凡有几人寻。

到来唯见山高下,只是不知湖浅深。

——《题缙云山鼎池二首》()徐凝

寧波溪口雪窦山风景名胜区

宁波溪口雪窦山风景名胜区,位于宁波市奉化区西部。这里集聚了民国文化、弥勒文化、山水文化、生态文化,山清水秀、史迹纷呈,人文与自然相得益彰。

溪口风景区为国家级风景名胜区、国家5A级旅游景区,按地理布局和资源特色,划分为蒋氏故居和雪窦山两大景区,游览面积达140平方公里。溪口风景区的风光让无数文人墨客流连忘返,留下了许多著名篇章以及浓浓的书香。

拔地万重清嶂立,悬空千丈素流分。

共看玉女机丝挂,映日还成五色文。

——《千丈岩瀑布》()王安石

In December 2019, Zhejiang issued a blueprint for developing a cultural belt of four poetry roads which formed in ancient times. The blueprint is designed to integrate cultural heritage with tourism resources. Here are some landmark tourism attractions along these four ancient poetry roads.

Yueju Opera Town in Shengzhou

Yueju Opera originated more than 100 years ago in Shengzhou, a pearl on the Poetry Road of the Tang in Eastern Zhejiang. Yueju Opera, now the second most popular opera genre second only to the Peking Opera, is celebrated for its lyrical melodies and poetic lines. The town aims to showcase the beauty of the regional opera and the splendor of the ancient poems penned by famous Tang poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu.

Tianmu Mountain in Xinchang

The mountain is made famous by Mount Skyland Ascended in a Dream—A Song of Farewell penned after a dream by Li Bai. The mountain is now the core of a national scene zone. Over the past few decades, Xinchang has been made famous among scholars largely because a scholar named Zhu Yuebing (1935-2019) in Xinchang is the first one who, in 1990, proposed the existence of the Poetry Road of the Tang in Eastern Zhejiang after thorough analyses of the poems written during the dynasty. After seven seminars held in Xinchang, scholars from all over the country agreed that there was really a poetry road in eastern Zhejiang.

Mount Tiantai

The mountain serves as the cradle for some very influential overseas sects of Buddhism in Japan, Korea and southeaster Asian countries. Quite a few poems were written in the Tang about the mount. Local tourism authorities now sponsor some programs for students to learn more about the cultural and historical past of Tiantai.

Ancient City of Taizhou

A central point on the Poetry Road of the Tang in Eastern Zhejiang, Linhai connects with many other tourism attractions in the region and neighboring regions. From the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty on, it was the capital of Taizhou Prefecture. The tourism attraction includes the city wall, Ziyang Street, the East Lake and the Jinshan, which can all be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago.

Shenxianju Scenic Zone

Shenxianju literally means the home where gods dwell. It is a national 5A tourism attraction. To the east is the Kuocang Mountain, the highest in eastern China. In addition to strange-looking peaks, clouds and pines, the zone also boasts crisp air rich in negative oxygen ions.

Historical and Cultural Block West

of Gongchen Bridge

The street block covers an area of 70,000 square meters. By the Grand Canal of China, the riverside block boasts hundreds of poems written about it since very ancient times. Since 2017, efforts have been made to promote the cultural industry and appeal to both Chinese and international tourists. The block hosts a series of museums featuring handicrafts such as knives, scissors, swords, fans. Some resident masters demonstrate their craftsmenship there. Also included in the zone are some old factory buildings.

Ancient Meicheng in Jiande

The scenic beauty of the ancient town on Xinan River gave rise to 4,800 poems including some by best known poets such as Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, and Lu You. In 2018, the town was inscribed as a home of poetry of Zhejiang.

Mount Mogan

Developed as a summer resort for over 1,000 years, the mount is celebrated for bamboo forests, clouds and springs. Located in Deqing County in Northern Zhejiang, the 36-square-kilometer scenic zone consists of five zones close to each other. The western-styled villas in bamboo forests are a must for holidaymakers in hot summer days. The mount is full of sites of historical and cultural interests.

Xitang Town

Now a tourist attraction, Xitang was a prosperous canal town in the era of canal-dependant cargo shipping. Local historians claim that Xitang has a canal system that can be traced to the Spring & Autumn Period about 2,800 years ago, that Xitang first thrived as a canal town in the Tang and the Song and that Xitang now has a full array of houses built in the Ming and the Qing. As a tourism attraction, Xitang is celebrated for its bridges, lanes and covered riverside streets.

Eight-Village in Lanxi

The village is the largest settlement of the descendants of Zhuge Liang (181-234), the prime minister of the Shu State of the Three States Period (220-280) in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. The villagers surnamed Zhuge amount to 3,000. The village is home to over 200 well preserved buildings built respectively in the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing.

Nanxi River

Yongjia in southeastern Zhejiang is celebrated as the cradle of Chinas nature poems. Xie Lingyun wrote a large batch of poems that portray the natural splendors of the mountains and rivers while he served as governor there. Nanxi River is the most typical of the scenic beauty of Yongjia. Featuring the beauty of nature and rural life, Nanxi River stands out as only one of its kind among Chinas national scenic zones.

Quzhou City

Situated in the west of Zhejiang, Quzhou is the second hometown of the descendants of Confucius. Xu Xiake, a traveler of the Ming Dynasty, visited the city five times. From Quzhou flow waters that eventually empty into the Qiantang River. It is a pearl on the Poetry Road of the Qiantang River. The 1,800-year-old city is a center of Confucian studies in the south of the Yangtze River Delta.

Mount Putuo

One of the four major sacred lands of Buddhism in China, Putuo Island inspires poets dreams. Home to over 40 Buddhist temples, Putuo hosts the sanctum of Guanyin. A collection of poems about Putuo, part of Zhoushan Archipelago, anthologizes 253 poems dated from the Tang Dynasty up to the last decades of the Qing.

Xiandu in Jinyun County

Literally, Xiandu means City of Gods. The scenic zone is home to peaks and rivers and caves. It is a national scenic zone. Xiandu is also the center of Yellow Emperor in the countrys south. There is a memorial temple in honor of Chinas founding emperor. Xiandu boasts natural splendors which have appeared in more than 500 films.

Xuedou Mountain

The mountain is in Fenghua west of Ningbo. Xikou is part of the Xuedou Mountain Scenic Zone, a national 5A scenic attraction. Xikou is the birthplace of Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), the former leader of Kuomintang, which ruled China until it was defeated in 1949. His former residence is well preserved. Xuedou Mountain hosts the bodhimanda of Maitreya, the Buddha of future according to Buddhism doctrines.

猜你喜欢

仙都诗路唐诗
情真词壮造意深——读许洪祥诗词选《诗路晚云闲》
潮起诗路 奔竞共富
人间仙都
海上仙都
First Man
诗路历程(外四首)