鼻内给予右美托咪定对比口服水合氯醛用于儿童程序化镇静有效性和安全性的Meta分析
2020-03-13刘克锋杨勇杰张晓坚康建
刘克锋 杨勇杰 张晓坚 康建
摘 要 目的:系統评价鼻内给予右美托咪定对比口服水合氯醛用于儿童程序化镇静的有效性和安全性。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网数据库和万方数据库,收集鼻内给予右美托咪定(试验组)对比口服水合氯醛(对照组)用于儿童程序化镇静的随机对照试验(RCT)。筛选文献、提取资料后采用Cochrane 5.1.0偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献质量进行评价,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8项RCT,共计1 413例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患儿镇静成功率[RR=1.13,95%CI(1.02,1.25),P=0.02]、镇静起效时间[MD=-1.07,95%CI(-1.82,-0.31),P=0.006]、镇静持续时间[MD=-8.25,95%CI(-14.02,-2.47),P=0.005]、苏醒时间[MD=-9.63,95%CI(-15.40,-3.86),P=0.001]、恶心呕吐发生率[RR=0.05,95%CI(0.02,0.14),P<0.000 01]均显著优于对照组;两组患儿血氧饱和度<95%发生率[RR=0.60,95%CI(0.24,1.54),P=0.29]、低血压发生率[RR=1.18,95%CI(0.51,2.74),P=0.71]、心动过缓发生率[RR=1.33,95%CI(0.18,9.88),P=0.78]比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论:鼻内给予右美托咪定相较于口服水合氯醛用于儿童程序化镇静的效果更优,且安全性较好。
关键词 右美托咪定;鼻内给药;水合氯醛;口服;儿童;程序化镇静;有效性;安全性;Meta分析
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine versus oral administration of chloral hydrate for programmed sedation in children. METHODS: Retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang database, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine (trial group) versus oral administration of chloral hydrate (control group) for programmed sedation in children were collected. Cochrane 5.1.0 bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literatures after literature screening and data extraction, and Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 8 RCTs were included, with a total of 1 413 children. Meta-analysis showed that the sedation success rate [RR=1.13, 95%CI (1.02, 1.25), P=0.02], sedation onset time [MD=-1.07, 95%CI(-1.82, -0.31), P=0.006], sedation duration [MD=-8.25, 95%CI(-14.02, -2.47), P=0.005], wake-up time [MD=-9.63, 95%CI (-15.40, -3.86), P=0.001], the incidence of nausea and vomiting [RR=0.05, 95%CI(0.02, 0.14), P<0.000 01] in the trial group were significantly better than those in control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of SpO2<95% [RR=0.60, 95%CI(0.24, 1.54), P=0.29], incidence of hypotension [RR=1.18, 95%CI (0.51, 2.74), P=0.71], incidence of bradycardia [RR=1.33, 95%CI(0.18, 9.88), P=0.78] between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine has better efficacy than oral administration of chloral hydrate for programmed sedation in children with good safety.
KEYWORDS Dexmedetomidine; Intranasal administration; Chloral hydrate; Oral administration; Children; Programmed sedation; Efficacy; Safety; Meta-analysis
程序化镇静是指以镇痛为基础,有镇静计划和目标,并根据镇静深度评分调节镇静剂用量的系统镇静方法,通常用于儿科诊断,如听觉脑干反应检查(ABR)、脑电图或者计算机断层扫描(CT)、核磁共振成像(MRI)、超声心动图等[1-2]。水合氯醛是儿科使用最多的镇静药物之一,有研究证实了其在儿童程序化镇静方面的有效性[3-7],但该药起效可预测性差、作用时间较长,可能会引发心律失常及严重不良反应(如呼吸抑制和永久性神经损伤)发生[8-11]。右美托咪定是一种高度选择性的α2肾上腺素能受体激动药,具有镇静和轻微镇痛的作用[12]。相较于其他镇静药,右美托咪定对呼吸的抑制作用最小[13]。有研究认为,鼻内给予右美托咪定能有效避免药物肝脏首关效应,可直接通过与中枢神经系统相连的嗅黏膜而迅速传递至大脑,其吸收率和血药浓度明显优于口服给药,且副作用的发生风险显著低于静脉给药[14]。……
