仙立国 黄一兰 王松峰 张瀛 张烨 林智慧 刘辉 林水良 林毅 孙福山 许锡祥

摘  要：为探究翠碧一号上部叶最佳采收方式，提高烟叶质量和可用性。以翠碧一号上部充分成熟烟叶为材料，设置3片、4片、5片、6片一次逐叶采收和5片、6片一次带茎采收6个处理，研究了上部叶不同采收方式对烤后烟经济性状、外观、化学成分、感官及致香物质的影响。结果表明，翠碧一号上部叶不同采收方式的烤后烟质量存在显著差异，对等级结构、均价、中部烟比例和感官质量等进行综合分析看出，6片一次采收烤后烟叶整体质量和经济效益最好，其中6片一次逐叶采收方式更有利于提高上等烟比例、均价和中部烟比例，分别比对照提高了8.56%、4.95元/kg和8.15%，6片一次带茎采收方式更有利于提高上中等烟比例和致香物质含量，分别提高了8.13%、20.22%，且显著改善感官质量。可见，在生产实际中，翠碧一号上部叶最佳采收方式为6片叶充分成熟時一次采收烘烤。

关键词：烤烟;翠碧一号;上部叶;采收方式;质量

Abstract： This study aims to optimize the harvest method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco CB-1 and to improve leaf quality and usability. The fully mature upper leaves of CB-1 were used as materials in this experiment， with six treatments consisting of ordinary picking 3， 4， 5 and 6 upper leaves leaf by leaf at a time， and picking 5， 6 upper leaves with stalk at a time. The effects of different harvesting methods on economic characters， appearance， chemical components， sensory and neutral aroma components in the upper leaves of CB-1 were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves with different harvesting methods in the upper leaves of CB-1. Central to high grade leaf proportion， average price， middle leaf proportion and sensory quality of comprehensive analysis， the overall quality and economic benefit were best from picking 6 upper leaves at a time. Among the treatments， picking 6 upper leaves by leaf by leaf at a time was more favorable to increase high grade leaf proportion， average price and middle leaf proportion， which were increased by 8.56%， 4.95 yuan/kg and 8.15%， respectively. Compared with the control， picking 6 upper leaves with stalk at a time was more favorable to increase high-middle grade leaf proportion and content of neutral aroma components， which were increased by 8.13% and 20.22%， respectively， and the sensory quality was significantly improved， too. In summary， the best harvesting method for the upper leaf of CB-1 is picking 6 upper leaves at a time with fully mature in production practice.

Keywords： flue-cured tobacco; CB-1; upper leaves; picking methods; quality

烤烟上部叶包括全部顶叶和部分上二棚叶，占整株烟叶的1/3，产量及上等烟等级占比较高，具有较高的工业使用价值[1-2]。优质上部叶对卷烟的香味和风格有很大影响，是生产高级卷烟的重要原料，在原料生产中占据重要地位[3-4]。因此，研究如何提高上部叶质量，对提高烟叶整体质量和经济效益意义重大[5-9]。福建烟区特色品种翠碧一号具有较好的抗寒性、抗病性及抗涝性，烟叶内在品质高，可用性强，在卷烟工业的烟叶配方中使用性较高，但其烤后青筋烟、挂灰烟和光滑烟比例较高，严重降低了烟叶的质量和工业可用性[10]。……