糖尿病足的外科治疗进展
2019-12-13游浩杨全中刘鹏凯朱云龙
游浩 杨全中 刘鹏凯 朱云龙
[摘要] 全球糖尿病发病率逐年上升,研究显示,15%~25%的糖尿病患者会发生糖尿病足。目前糖尿病足患者致残率较高,需要手术截肢的患者占据5%~10%,对家属、社会、患者造成较大的负担与影响。导致糖尿病足患者预后差的因素有很多,包括感染、足溃疡面积、神经病变、外周血管病变等,因此糖尿病足治疗困难的主要原因就是影响因素较多,对患者的身心健康直接造成了影响。对于糖尿病足患者需要及时进行诊断与治疗,是提高糖尿病患者生活质量及生存时间的重要手段。该文主要对糖尿病足的外科治疗方法展开综述。
[关键词] 糖尿病足;糖尿病;手术治疗;溃疡
[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062(2019)09(b)-0193-04
[Abstract] The incidence of diabetes in the world has increased year by year. Studies have shown that 15% to 25% of diabetic patients will develop diabetic foot. At present, patients with diabetic foot have a high disability rate, and patients requiring surgical amputation account for 5%-10%, which has a greater burden and impact on family members, society, and patients. There are many factors leading to poor prognosis of diabetic foot patients, including infection, foot ulcer area, neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, etc. Therefore, the main reason for the difficulty in the treatment of diabetic foot is that there are many influencing factors, which directly affect the physical and mental health of patients. Diagnosing and treating patients with diabetic foot is an important means to improve the quality of life and survival time of diabetic patients. This article focuses on the surgical treatment of diabetic foot.
[Key words] Diabetic foot; Diabetes; Surgical treatment; Ulcer
糖尿病足屬于糖尿病中较为严重的并发症,主要是由于糖尿病下肢远端神经出现异常,患者外周血管出现不同情况的病变,使得患者足部出现溃疡、感染与组织破坏[1]。目前我国糖尿病足患病率达到14%,临床致残率较高,对于截肢的患者高达5%~10%,对患者、家属直接造成较为严重的影响[2]。
1 糖尿病足发病机制
对于该疾病的病因,主要是由于代谢出现异常,使得患者神经出现病变,下肢出现感染与外伤,临床类型为血管病变或神经病变。目前糖尿病神经病变包括感觉神经、运动神经、自主神经,会使得患者耻骨出现畸形,足部压力明显增高,保护性反射,使得患者出现感染,造成局部神经营养缺失,最终出现溃疡。而糖尿病血管病变除血糖因素外,其他危险因素包括血脂异常、高血压等,会使得多处血管出现病变,使得双下肢动脉出现闭塞、狭窄,最终使得患者出现缺血性溃疡[3]。……
