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小麦籽粒锌营养研究进展

2019-12-09王澜乔月彤孔玮琳龚魁杰樊庆琦王宗帅贤伟华马国兴沈玉文刘庆刘开昌夏海勇

山东农业科学 2019年10期

王澜 乔月彤 孔玮琳 龚魁杰 樊庆琦 王宗帅 贤伟华 马国兴 沈玉文 刘庆 刘开昌 夏海勇

摘要:锌是动植物和人体生长发育过程中必不可少的一种微量营养元素。锌元素缺乏会引发多种疾病,目前世界范围内出现缺锌症状的人口占30%以上。而小麦作为主要粮食作物在世界各地广泛种植,其籽粒中锌元素含量普遍较低。本研究归纳了前人为改善小麦籽粒锌营养缺乏状况,在源-库关系调节、微肥使用、氮磷钾供应、育种手段、激素调节以及环境影响等方面开展的研究,提出了今后着重研究的方向及内容,以期为进一步实现小麦籽粒锌生物强化提供参考。

关键词:小麦;籽粒;锌;源-库关系;生物强化

中图分类号:S512.1-1文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2019)10-0158-09

Research Progress of Zinc Nutrition in Wheat Grains

Wang Lan1,2, Qiao Yuetong1,2, Kong Weilin2, Gong Kuijie2, Fan Qingqi2, Wang Zongshuai2, Xian Weihua3,

Ma Guoxing4,5, Shen Yuwen6, Liu Qing7, Liu Kaichang2, Xia Haiyong1,2

(1. College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;  2. Crop Research Institute, Shandong

Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and

Physiology/ National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan 250100, China; 3. Dongming Bureau of

Agriculture and Rural Areas, Dongming 274500, China; 4. Maifeng Wheat Planting Specialized Cooperative in

Dongming County of Shandong Province, Dongming 274507, China; 5. Yikangyuan Food Co., Ltd. in Dongming

County, Dongming 274507, China; 6. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy

of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 7. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao

Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China)

Abstract Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient element for the growth and development of animals, plants and human. Zinc deficiency can cause a variety of diseases, and more than 30% of the worlds population showed symptoms of Zn deficiency. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), as a major food crop, is widely cultivated all over the world, and its Zn concentration in grains is generally lower. In this paper, we summarized the previous researches on improving the zinc content of wheat grains in regulation of source-sink relationship, micronutrient fertilizer application, supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, breeding methods, hormone regulation and environmental influences. In addition, the research directions and contents in the future were put forward to provide references for further realization of Zn biofortification in wheat grains.

Keywords Wheat; Grain; Zinc; Source-sink relationship; Biofortification

小麥作为我国主要粮食作物,占人均每天能量摄取量的30%,其营养品质直接影响人体健康。前人研究多集中于小麦籽粒中干物质、蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉等大分子营养成分,对微量元素锌(Zn)的研究相对较少。普通土壤中平均锌含量约为50 mg/kg,经土壤固定后更难被作物吸收,因而多数情况下土壤中有效锌含量较低,只能为作物提供约20%的锌源[1]。小麦面粉在加工过程中去掉糊粉层和麸皮层,导致所富含的锌大量流失,可提供的锌含量低于15 mg/kg[2,3]。另外,小麦中还含有丰富的可降低人体消化道中锌等微量元素生物利用度的植酸和酚类抗营养化合物[4],致使进食后可利用的锌营养寥寥无几。因此,以小麦为主食的人群便会因为锌摄入量不足而易患免疫功能降低、代谢紊乱、味觉嗅觉差、厌食、生长缓慢与智力发育低下等疾病。……

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