鲁智慧 和淑琪 严乃胜

摘要 草地贪夜蛾是新近入侵我国的重大农业害虫，为了弄清其入侵生物学特性，为草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及综合治理提供理论依据，本研究在光照培养箱内设置6个温度（17、22、27、32、37、42℃）饲养草地贪夜蛾，测定其不同阶段的存活率、发育历期、体重及繁殖力等，探究温度对草地贪夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响。结果表明，草地贪夜蛾在42℃条件下仅能短暂存活，在17～32℃范围内可正常生长发育，其幼虫期、蛹期及世代历期均随着温度的升高而缩短，17℃条件下世代历期和幼虫期分别为（58.73±1.46）d和（21.79±1.03）d，37℃条件下则分别仅为（22.57±0.84）d和（11.12±0.31）d。成虫寿命在17～27℃范围内差异不大，之后随温度升高而缩短，37℃下成虫寿命仅为27℃下的1/4左右，且在该温度下成虫无法正常羽化，雌成虫不产卵。17～32℃下雌成虫产卵前期随温度的升高而缩短，产卵期则随温度升高而有所延长，平均单雌产卵量在27℃下最高，为（565.50±143.40）粒。说明温度升高会导致草地贪夜蛾发育历期缩短，年发生世代数增加，幼虫取食量增大，对作物的为害加重。

關键词 草地贪夜蛾; 温度; 发育历期; 产卵量

中图分类号： S 435.132  文献标识码： A  DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019390

Abstract To clarify the biological characteristics and provide theoretical evidence for monitoring， early warning and comprehensive management of Spodoptera frugiperda， a new invasive species in China， the species was reared at six different temperatures （17， 22， 27， 32， 37， 42℃） in artificial climate incubators， and their survival rate， developmental duration and body weight at different stages， as well as the female adult fecundity were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the larvae of S.frugiperda could develop a complete generation from 17℃ to 32℃. The developmental duration of larvae， pupae and the whole generation period was shortened with the increase of temperature， which were （58.73±1.46）d and （21.79±1.03）d， respectively at 17℃， and only （22.57±0.84）d and （11.12±0.31）d respectively at 37℃. The adult longevities reared at temperatures from 17℃ to 27℃ showed no significant difference， however， it was decreased significantly with the increase of temperatures from 32℃ to 42℃.The adult longevity at 37℃ was only about 1/4 of that at 27℃， and the pupae at 37℃ could not emerge normally into adults， and the female adults did not lay eggs. The preoviposition period of female adults shortened with the increase of temperature， while the oviposition period prolonged with the increase of temperature at 17-32℃. The average fecundity was the highest at 27℃ as （565.50±143.40） eggs per female. The results indicated that with the increase of temperature at certain range， the developmental period of S.frugiperda shortened， and the annual generation number increased， which would result in aggravation of crop damage by the invasive species.

Key words Spodoptera frugiperda; temperature; developmental duration; fecundity

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda （J.E.Smith）隶属于鳞翅目Lepidoptera夜蛾科Noctuidae灰翅夜蛾属Spodoptera，英文名为fall armyworm，俗称秋黏虫[1]。该虫原产于美洲，是重大迁飞性害虫[2]。2016年初，草地贪夜蛾扩散到中非和西非[3]，2018 年5月，确认草地贪夜蛾在印度定殖，同年12月扩散至东南亚大部分地区[4]。2019年1月我国云南省普洱市江城县首先发现草地贪夜蛾，到6月，该虫已扩散至我国20余个省（区、市），并还在继续向我国北部扩散[5-6]，给我国玉米产业造成了极大威胁。……