罗红雨 曹双 方波

摘 要：三峡工程于2003年6月进入围堰发电期。汛期按135.0m运行，枯季按139.0m水位运行;2006年汛后实施二期蓄水。为动态了解三峡水库蓄水后坝下游河道的冲淤变化情况，同时为更好地满足三峡水库科学调度的需要，本文系统的分析了宏观环境的改变及河道地形的冲淤：三峡工程蓄水前后大通水文站及九江水文站水、沙变化情况，并依据2016年10月九江至湖口河段固定断面观测资料，和2017年河道地形观测资料，分析2017年度九江至湖口河段河床冲淤变化情况。结果表明：三峡工程蓄水以来，上游来水量略减、来沙量锐减，该段河道近期略有微淤，但总体处于冲刷态势，主要冲淤发生在河槽部位。

关键词：三峡工程;河道演变;径流量;悬移质;输沙量

中图分类号：TV147 文献标识码：A

Analysis of scouring and silting in Jiujiang-Hukou reach Since the

impoundment of the Three Gorges Project

Luo Hong Yu Cao Shuang Fang Bo

Lower Reaches of Chang jiang Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau，Chang jiang Water Resources Commission Bureau JiangsuNanjing 210011

Abstract：the Three Gorges project entered the cofferdam power generation period in June 2003.The flood season runs according to 135m and runs according to the 139m water level in dry season.The two phase of impoundment is implemented after flood season in 2006.In order to dynamically understand the scouring and silting changes of the lower reaches of the dam after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir and to better meet the needs of scientific operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir，this paper systematically analyzes the changes of macro-environment and the scouring and silting of the river topography：the water and sediment changes of Datong Hydrological Station and Jiujiang Hydrological Station before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Project，and according to Based on the observation data of fixed section of Jiujiang-Hukou reach in October 16，and the observation data of river course topography in 2017，the erosion and deposition changes of Jiujiang-Hukou reach in 2017 were analyzed.The results show that since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project，the upstream inflow has decreased slightly and the sediment inflow has decreased sharply.The river course in this section has slightly silted in the near future，but it is generally in a state of scouring and silting，mainly in the channel position.

Key words：Three Gorges Project;River evolution;Runoff;Suspended load;Sediment discharge.

三峽工程进入围堰发电期后，长江下游河道普遍处于冲刷态势，本文着重分析三峡工程蓄水前后，水沙环境的改变，并依据实测地形及断面资料动态分析了张家洲河段至上下三号河段冲淤变化，为防洪调度、河道治理、防汛管理等提供技术支撑。

1 河道基本情况

张家洲河段上起九江锁江楼，下迄八里江口止，干流长约31.0km。左岸小池口至段窑有黄广大堤，段窑以下为同马大堤，右岸自锁江楼至回峰矶有十余公里的江堤（九江市堤）。锁江楼下游约1.6km处建有九江长江大桥，张家洲右汊末端为鄱阳湖的出口，湖水由此汇入长江。[1]

图1 张家洲河段河势图

从河道平面形态上看，九江水道（从锁江楼上游22.0km起至张家洲头）为一向右凹进的弯道，九江市位于弯顶下游附近，锁江楼至张家洲头长约7.0km，河道逐渐展宽。……