无创DNA产前检测技术的临床应用研究进展
2019-10-21陈咏梅王青云
陈咏梅 王青云
【摘 要】染色体及基因异常是导致不孕不育、流产、早产、新生儿畸形的重要因素,其中以非整倍体染色体异常最为常见,例如21号染色体,18号染色体及13号染色体三体。核型分析及基因检测是染色体疾病及基因病的诊断金标准,而羊膜腔取材为有创操作,风险大,周期长。母体外周血中胎儿游离DNA的发现使产前非侵入性诊断胎儿染色体疾病成为可能,近年来利用无创DNA非侵入性产前检测技术筛查染色体疾病有了很大的发展,极高的灵敏度以及检测成本的降低逐渐使无创DNA检测技术成为孕期胎儿染色体疾病筛查的首选方法。本文重点综述无创DNA产前检测技术的临床应用研究进展。
【关键词】产前检测;无创DNA;胎儿
【中图分类号】R198 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-7484(2019)07-0139-02
【Abstract】Abnormal chromosome and gene could cause infertility, miscarriage, premature pregnancy, birth defects, and the chromosome aneuploidy abnormality is the most common, such as chromosome 21, 18 ,13 three body. Karyotype analysis and genetic testing are the diagnostic criteria for chromosomal diseases and genetic diseases, while the amniotic cavity is based on invasive operation, with a large risk and long cycle. The discovery of Cell-free fetal DNA in maternal peripheral blood made prenatal non-invasive diagnosis of fetal chromosomal disease possible.In recent years, the use of noninvasive DNA, a non-invasive prenatal detection technology, screening chromosome diseases has made great progress, high sensitivity and reduction of detection cost gradually make noninvasive DNA detection technology become the preferred method of fetal chromosomal disease screening pregnancy. This paper focuses on the progress of clinical application of noninvasive DNA prenatal testing techniques.
【Key words】Prenatal testing; Noninvasive DNA; Fetus
染色體及基因疾病是新生儿死亡及病残的重要原因,这类患儿的出生给家庭及社会带来了沉重负担。绝大多数染色体及基因疾病无彻底根治的方法,只能通过孕期产前筛查及诊断避免这类患儿的出生。目前针对胎儿染色体及基因疾病的筛查方法包括血清学指标、侵入性产前诊断、无创产前检测,其中血清学指标的检出率较低,侵入性产前诊断虽被认为是产前诊断的“金标准”,但其操作复杂,流产及感染的风险较大。目前,采用无创DNA技术进行非整倍体染色体疾病的筛查检出率高,对其他基因疾病筛查技术逐渐提高,具有操作方便、风险低的优点被大力推广。
1 无创DNA产前……
