2016~2017年四川宜宾和湖北十堰新生儿疾病筛查情况比较
2019-10-21张跃林许航唐玉芳
张跃林 许航 唐玉芳



【摘 要】目的:比較2016~2017年度四川宜宾市和湖北十堰市新生儿疾病筛查(NS)情况,对新生儿疾病筛查工作存在的问题提出改进指导意见。方法:采用回顾性分析方法对2016~2017年四川宜宾和湖北十堰2地市170544例新生儿收集足跟血检测先天性甲状腺功能低下症(CH)、苯丙酮尿症(PKU)、先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(CAH)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏症,并做听力筛查确定听力障碍,分析其发病率。结果:2016~2017年,2市新生儿疾病总筛查率为96.99%(宜宾:97.42%;十堰:96.52%),2016年确诊CH患儿61例,患病率7.37/万,PKU患儿4例,患病率0.48/万;2017年确诊CH患儿68例,患病率8.23/万,CAH患儿5例,患病率0.61/万,PKU患儿5例,患病率0.61/万,G-6-PD缺乏症患儿339例,患病率41.03/万;新生儿听力筛查率65.14%,可疑听力障碍7369例,召回7182例,确诊124例,听力障碍发生率7.27/万。结论:四川宜宾和湖北十堰2地市新生儿疾病筛查率高,但听力筛查率处于较低水平,2年内共确诊各类新生儿先天性疾病586例,听力障碍124例,通过积极治疗和干预,有效避免患儿恶性后果的发生。
【关键词】新生儿疾病筛查;新生儿;听力筛查
【中图分类号】R722.1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1672-3783(2019)04-0276-02
Comparison on neonatal screening of Yibin Sichuan and Shiyan Hubei in 2016 and 2017
Zhang yuelin1Xu Hang2Tang Yufang3(通讯作者)
1.Department of Internal Medicine, Yibin Health School,Sichuan, 644000
2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yibin Maternity and Child Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000
3.Department of Gynaecology, Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei,442000
【Abstract】Objective:To analyze the neonatal screening (NS) status of Yibin Sichuan and Shiyan Hubei in 2016, 2017, and to provide improving guidelines for NS.Methods:In 2016 and 2017, 170544 newborns were selected from Shiyan and Yibin to diagnose congenital hypothyroidism (CH), phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia (CAH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency by retrospective analysis.Results:The NS rate was 96.99%(Yibin with 97.42% and Shiyan with 96.52%). In 2016, 61 newborns were diagnosed CH with prevalence 7.37/10000, 4 PKU newborns with prevalence 0.48/10000. In 2017, 68 newborns were diagnosed CH with prevalence 8.23/10000, 5 CAH newborns with prevalence 0.61/10000, 5 PKU newborns with prevalence 0.61/10000 and 339 G-6-PD deficiency newborns with prevalence 41.03/10000. Newborn hearing screening rate was 65.14%, 7369 newborns were diagnosed suspected hearing impairment, recalled 7182 cases, and confirmed 124 cases with incidence 7.27/10000.Conclusion:The NS rate of Yibin Sichuan and Shiyan Hubei is high, while newborns screening rate is low, 586 cases of newborn congenital diseases and 124 cases of hearing impairment were diagnosed in 2 years. Effective treatment and intervention can effectively prevent the malignant consequences of newborns.
【Key words】neonatal screening;newborns;hearing screening
新生儿疾病筛查(neonatal screening, NS)是新生儿疾病“三级预防”内容中最要的一环,可有效筛查遗传性内分泌及代谢性疾病[1]。在欧美发达国家,新生儿疾病筛查率近100%,我国自1981年起至今NS覆盖率约50%,但筛查率的地域差异大[2]。我国新生儿先天性缺陷发生率约4%~6%,其中部分先天性代谢疾病无明显早期表现,但一旦发病后会导致不可逆的神经损害或永久性机能损伤,甚至危及生命[3],因此积极开展新生儿疾病筛查,提高筛查准确度和覆盖率,及早发现新生儿遗传代谢性疾病对个体、家庭和社会都有极其重要的意义。……
