膝关节骨性关节炎治疗的研究进展
2019-09-19李炎李钊伟任荣
李炎 李钊伟 任荣
[摘要]膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)也称为膝关节退行性病变,是临床中的一种常见病和多发病。其发病率逐年增高,严重影响中老年患者的生活,给社会及家庭带来了一定的负担。目前,临床治疗KOA有非手术治疗和手术治疗。非手术治疗可以短暂地改善症状,提高患者的生活质量,但是长期效果较差,易反复发作。而手术治疗方法相对较多,大多是依据术者的经验,采用不同的术式,缺乏统一的阶梯治疗。本文就治疗各种方法进行综述,旨在为临床治疗KOA提供参考。
[关键词]膝关节骨性关节炎;非药物治疗;关节腔注射;手术阶梯治疗
[中图分类号] R684.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)6(a)-0024-04
[Abstract] Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is also known as knee degenerative disease, is a common and frequent disease. The incidence of the disease increases year by year, which seriously affects the life of the elderly patients and brings a certain burden to the society and families. At present, there are non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment in the treatment of KOA. Non-surgical treatment in clinical can temporarily improve symptoms, improve the quality of life of patients, but the long-term effect is poor, prone to recurrent attacks. But the surgical treatment method is relatively many, mostly is according to the operators′ experience, uses the different operation method, lacks the unified step treatment. This article summarizes the methods of treatment in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment of KOA.
[Key words] Knee osteoarthritis; Non-drug therapy; Intraarticular injection; Surgical ladder treatment
膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是一种多种因素导致的疾病,发病机制目前尚不明确,临床症状不尽相同;主要表现为膝关节疼痛肿胀、活动受限等,膝关节周围骨赘形成,软骨破坏及不同程度的关节间隙变窄等[1-3]。随着全球老龄化人口的增多,KOA发病率逐年上升。多数学者及专家对KOA的治疗进行研究。多数学者认为KOA的发生与性别、年龄、居住环境、工作习惯、膝关节外伤史及骨性关节炎家族史等相关[4]。本文对近年临床对KOA治疗的研究进展进行综述。
1非药物治疗
1.1健康教育
加强患者对KOA的认识,增进其治疗信心,提倡做一些有助于膝关节的运动,如游泳、散步、伸屈膝等,适当调整生活方式减轻体重,多晒太阳,适当休息,避免膝关节过度负重和运动[5],对轻中度的KOA有一定的疗效,对重度也是有利的。……
