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不同比重布比卡因腰麻应用于产科麻醉的效果对比

2019-09-18张鸿

中外医疗 2019年18期

张鸿

[摘要] 目的 通过对产妇是实施不同的腰麻方案,观察其临床效果,探究不同腰麻方案的临床特点。方法 从来该院诊治的2017年1—12月的产科患者中随机抽取86例,采用随机数字法随机分为对照组43例:重比重布比卡因麻醉,观察组43例:等比重布比卡因麻醉,比较两组产妇感觉阻滞情况和不良反应发生情况。 结果 观察组感觉阻滞消退时间为(71.27±11.21)min低于对照组(t=12.078,P<0.05),感觉阻滞起效时间为(1.67±0.38)min高于对照组(t=9.956,P<0.05),达胸段最高阻滞平面为(5.29±0.75)节段高于对照组(t=10.042,P<0.05),感觉阻滞维持(124.86±10.17)min低于对照组(t=15.375,P<0.05),达最高阻滞平面时间为(9.56±2.15)min低于对照组(t=11.042,P<0.05);观察组牵拉反应和胸闷与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组恶心呕吐发生率为0.00%低于对照组(9.30%)(χ2=7.341,P<0.05),低血压为2.32%低于对照组(16..28%)(χ2=8.862,P<0.05),使用麻黄碱发生率为4.65%低于对照组(18.60%)(χ2=10.432,P<0.05)。 结论 等比重布比卡因麻醉与重比重布比卡因比较可以有效降低产妇的感觉阻滞情况,減少不良反应的发生,值得临床推广使用。

[关键词] 布比卡因;产科;腰麻

[中图分类号] R614          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2019)06(c)-0041-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical effects of different lumbar anesthesia programs by implementing different lumbar anesthesia programs for women. Methods 86 patients from the obstetric patients from January 2017 to December 2017 were randomly selected and randomly divided into the control group by 43 patients: bupivacaine anesthesia with heavy weight, and 43 patients in the observation group: the proportion of bupivacaine was anesthetized, and the sensory block and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The sensory block regression time of the observation group was 71.27±11.21)min lower than that of the control group (t=12.078, P<0.05), and the onset time of sensory block was (1.67±0.38)min higher than the control group (t=9.956, P<0.05). The highest block plane of the thoracic segment was (5.29±0.75), which was higher than the control group (t=10.042, P<0.05), and the sensory block was maintained at (124.86±10.17)min lower than the control group (t=15.375, P<0.05). The highest block plane time was (9.56±2.15)min lower than the control group (t=11.042, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the observation group and the chest tightness in the observation group (P>0.05). The observation group had nausea and vomiting incidence rate was 0.00% lower than the control group (9.30%) (χ2=7.341, P<0.05), and the hypotension was 2.32% lower than the control group (16.28%) (χ2=8.862, P<0.05). The incidence of ephedrine was 4.65% lower than that of the control group (18.60%) (χ2=10.432, P<0.05). Conclusion After comparison of bupivacaine anesthesia with heavy-weight bupivacaine, it can effectively reduce the sensory block of the pregnent women and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

[Key words] Bupivacaine; Obstetrics; Spinal anesthesia

剖宫产是外科较为常见的手术,在手术中通过切开产妇的腹部和子宫,娩出婴儿,避免了自然生产而引起的阴道拉伤。剖宫产对麻醉效果要求较高,需要效果迅速,肌肉松好,镇痛完全,并且对产妇和婴儿的影响较小。腰麻常用于剖宫产,即使用局部麻醉药物通过产妇的腰椎间隙注射到蛛网膜下腔,将脊神经传导能力切断,导致麻醉效果[1]。与部分学者研究结果表明腰麻存在不良反应,损害产妇身心健康,腰麻效果存在争议[2]。常规配比腰麻的麻醉方式虽然可以保证麻醉效果,但是,极易引发产妇血液动力学发生波动,引起并发症[3-4]。从来该院诊治的2017年1—12月的产科患者中随机抽取86例,采用随机数字法随机分为对照组43例:重比重布比卡因麻醉,观察组43例:等比重布比卡因麻醉,获得不同临床效果,如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

从来该院诊治的ASA分级I或II级产科患者中随机抽取86例,年发龄范围20~35岁,平均年龄为(28.15±3.48)岁,孕周为(39.85±1.05)周,身高155~170 cm,平均身高为(160±4.97)cm。……

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