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罂粟科绿绒蒿属三新种

2019-09-10王文采

广西植物 2019年1期
关键词:新种青海四川

王文采

摘 要:   該文描述了罂粟科绿绒蒿属三新种。(1)自四川西北部发现的二新种:肋蕊绿绒蒿,此种可能与拉萨绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为此种叶片较狭,全缘,子房具4条纵肋;狭瓣绿绒蒿,此种可能与川西绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为此种叶片较小,无毛,花瓣呈条状倒披针形。(2)自青海南部发现的一新种:短丝绿绒蒿,此种可能隶属于琴叶绿绒蒿亚属、滇西绿绒蒿组、滇西绿绒蒿系,与此系其他种的区别在于此种的披针状条形花瓣和较少、较短的雄蕊(花丝长1~5 mm)以及无花柱的雌蕊和被具短毛的硬毛子房。

关键词:  罂粟科, 绿绒蒿属, 新种, 四川, 青海

中图分类号: Q949

文献标识码:    A

文章编号:   1000-3142(2019)01-0001-06

Three new species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae)

WANG Wen-tsai

( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China )

Abstract:   Three new species of the genus Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) from China are described in this paper. (1) Two species are described as new from northwest Sichuan Province, China. Of them M. pleurogyna is probably related to M. lhasaensis Grey-wilson, differing in its narrower, entire leaf blades and longitudinally 4-ribbed ovary; M. angustipetala is probably related to M. henrici Bur. & Franch., differing in its smaller, glabrous leaf blades, and peculiar linear-oblanceolate petals. (2) One species M. brachynema, is described as new from southern Qinghai Province, China. It probably belongs to subgen. Cunmminsia, sect. Impeditae, ser. Impeditae, and from the other species of ser. Impeditae differs in its lanceolate-linear petals, fewer and shorter stamens (with filaments only 1-5 mm long), non-styled pistil, and ovary with stiff, barbellate hairs.

Key words:  Papaveraceae, Meconopsis, new species, Sichuan, Qinghai

自2015年12月初起我开始鉴定一批绿绒蒿属未定名的标本,这时我从植物研究所图书馆借到刚购入的一本由英国植物学家Grey-Wilson于2014年编写出版的绿绒蒿属专著(Grey-Wilson,2014)。此书收载绿绒蒿属植物79种,将其等划分为4亚属、10组、13系,制定出此属的一新分类系统。同时,我在此书中将原置于绿绒蒿属特产我国的Meconopsis chelidonifolia Bur. & Franch. 和M. oliveriana Franch. Ex Prain二种从此属转移到另一属Cathacartia Hook. f. ex Hook.中。此书收载了我国此属植物58种,比2008年出版的Flora of China(Zhang & Grey-Wilson,2008)中的绿绒蒿属志(收载43种)增加了15种。我在鉴定工作过程中发现了采自四川西北部此属植物的2号标本代表了2个新种;自青海南部发现的罂粟科绿绒蒿属1个新种。现在本文中予以发表。

肋蕊绿绒蒿  图1

Meconopsis pleurogyna  W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1

[Subgen. Cumminsia (Prain) Grey-Wilson  sect. Racemosae C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang].

Ob scapos et sepala setis tenuibus potius debilibus obtecta, flores vadoce crateriformes 5-7-petalatos et staminum  filamenta filiformia species nova haec est fortasse affinis Meconopsis lhasaensi Grey-Wilson, a qua foliorum laminis angustioribus anguste oblongis vel anguste  ovatis margine indivisis nec undulatis nec crispatis, floribus omnibus singulariter scaposis haud in racemos dispositis, petalis saturate caeruleo-purprueis,  ovariis conspicue longitudinaliterque 4-costatis plerumque  glabris raro sparse setulosis praeclare differt. In M. lhasaensi, foliorum laminae latiores longe ellipticae margine undulatae et crispatae interdum lobulatae,  flores in racemos dispositi et singularter scaposi, petala dilute caerulea, et ovaria dense setulosa haud longitudinaliterque costata sunt.

Small monocarpic herbs. Taproots dauciform, ca.12 cm long, near apex 0.6-1 cm in diam. Leaves 9-12, all basal; blades membranous or thin-papery, narrow-oblong, narrow-ovate, or spatulate, 1.8-4.2 × 0.7-1.2 cm, 3-nerved, apex slightly obtuse or slightly acute, base attenuate into short or long linear petioles, margin entire; surfaces adaxially near margin densely appressed-hispid, abaxially sparsely appressed-hispid, or subglabrous; petioles flattened, 1-3 cm long, glabrous or subglabrous. Scapes 2-9, 7-14 cm tall, 1.2-2.5  mm in diam., on apex 1-flowered, from base to apex covered with dense, rtetrorse, yellowish, thin and rather weak bristles 1-3 mm long. Flowers solitary and terminal on scapes, lateral-facing, shallowly bowl-shaped, 4-5 cm in diam. Flower buds subglobose ca. 1 cm in diam., near apex and base with bristles 0.8-2 mm long. Sepal caduceus unknown.Petals 5-7, deep-blue-purple (from the collector), narrow-obovate, 1.8-2.4 × 0.9-1.5 cm, glabrous, apex rounded, entire or few-lobulate. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments purple, filiform, 5-9 mm long; anthers yellowish, broadly oblong or subquadrate, 1-1.5 mm long. Pistil slightly shorter than stamens; ovary compressed, whitish, oblong-ovate, 4.5-6 × 2.5-3 mm, conspicuously longitudindally 4-ribbed, glabrous, rarely with a few short bristles 0.4-2 mm long; style 2.5-3 mm long, glabrous; stigma 1.5 mm long, with 4 dark-brown lobes.

四川( Sichuan ):  馬尔康县 ,梦笔山(Maerkang Xian, Mengbi Shan),alt. 4 150 m,稀疏灌丛草甸;草本,花冠蓝紫色,花瓣顶端浅裂(on alpine meadow with sparse bushes;herbs,with blue-purple corollas and petals irregularly lobulate at apex),1983-06-29,汤宗孝(Z. X. Tang) 1201( holotype  and isotypes, PE)。

本种的花葶和萼片均被纤细、颇弱的刺毛,花浅碗状,具5~7枚花瓣,雄蕊花丝丝形,因此与也具上述形态特征的拉萨绿绒蒿(Meconopsis lhasaensis Grey-Wilson)相似,可能有相近亲缘关系。与后者的区别:本种叶片较狭,呈狭长圆形或狭卵形,边缘不分裂,不呈波状和皱波状,所有花均单生花葶顶端,不组成总状花序,花瓣深蓝紫色,子房具明显4条纵肋,无毛,稀具少数短刺毛。而拉萨绿绒蒿叶片较宽,呈长椭圆形,边缘波状和皱波状,有时具小裂 片,花组成总状花序,同时单生花葶顶端,花瓣淡蓝色,子房密被短刺毛,不具纵肋(Grey-Wilson,2014)。

狭瓣绿绒蒿  图2

Meconopsis angustipetala  W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2

[Subgen. Cummisia (Prain) Grey-Wilson sect. Impeditae Grey-Wilson ser. Hernicanae C. Y. Wu & H.Chuang].

Ob foliorum laminas lanceolatas margine integras, flores omnes singulariter scaposos, staminum filamenta supra filiformia inferne linearia species nova haec est fortasse affinis Meconopsis henrici Bur. & Franch., a qua foliorum laminis minoribus usque ad 3.8 cm longis et 7 mm latis glabris, petalis peculiaribus in forma intra generem Meconopsem lineari-oblanceolatis tantum 5-8 mm latis statim distinguitur. In M. henrici, foliorum laminae majores usque ad 14.5 cm longae et 2.3 cm latae utrinque setosae, et petala ovata vel obovata  1.4-2.6 cm lata sunt.

Small nonocarpic herb. Root subterete (?), at apex ca. 4 mm in diam. Leaves ca. 10, all basal, glabrous; blades papery, lanceolate-linear or lanceolate, rarely narrow-ovate, 1.8-3.8 × 0.5-0.7 cm, apex slightly obtuse,  base attenuate into linear petiole, margin entire; petioles flattened, linear, 3.4-4 × 0.1-0.2 mm. Scapes ca. 4 per plant, up to 12 cm tall in flower, to 19 cm tall in fruit, near base 1.5-3 mm in diam., above sparsely hirsute (hairs 1-2.5 mm long), below glabrous, on apex 1-flowered. Flower slightly pendulous, ca. 4.2 cm in diam. Sepals 2, broadly elliptic, ca. 1.8 cm long, abaxially very sparsely appressed-hispid (hairs ca. 0.5 mm long). Petals 6, when drying dark-blue, linear-oblanceolate, 2.1-2.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm, glabrous, apex truncate-rounded. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments 8-11 mm long, above the middle deep blue, filiform, below the middle whitish, narrow-linear and longitudinally 1-nerved; anthers yellowish, broadly oblong, 1-1.2 mm long. Pistil as long as stamens; ovary ovoid, ca. 5 × 3.5 mm, sparsely appressed-fulvous-hirsute (hairs 1-2 mm long); style 5 mm long, glabrous; stigma broadly ovoid, ca. 2-2 mm.

四川( Sichuan ):  康定縣 ,沙德乡,贡嘎寺后山(Kangding Xian,Shade Xiang, in the mountain behind Gongga Temple),alt. 4 700 m,1982-07-31,collector unknown,PE no. 1306833 ( holotype , PE)。

本种的叶片披针形,边缘全缘,花全部单生花葶上,雄蕊花丝上部呈丝形,下部呈条形,因此可能与也具上述形态特征的川西绿绒蒿(Meconopsis henrici Bur. & Franch.)有亲缘关系,与后者的区别在于本种的叶片较小,长3.8 cm,宽7 mm,无毛,花瓣的形状在绿绒蒿属中较独特,呈条状倒披针形,宽5~8 mm。在川西绿绒蒿,叶片较大,长14.5 cm,宽2.3 cm,在两面均被刺毛,花瓣呈卵形或倒卵形,宽1.4~2.6 cm(Grey-Wilson,2014)。

短丝绿绒蒿  图3

Meconopsis brachynema  W.T.Wang,sp.nov. Fig. 3.

[Subgen. Cummisia (Prain) Grey-Wilson sect. Impeditae Grey-wilson ser. Impeditae].

Ob plantas monocarpicas, folia omnia basalia pilis simplicibus haud barbellatis tecta, foliorum rosulas parvas non sempervirentes, flores solitarios e apicibus scaporum basalium pilis simplicibus haud barbellatis  tectorum nascentes, et staminum filamenta linearia

species nova haec ad subgen. Commisiam, sect. Ipeditas,  ser. Impeditas pertinet. In ser. Impeditis, ea  petalis lanceolato-linearibus 4-7 mm latis, staminibus paucioribus minoribus, filamentis multum brevioribus 1- 5 mm tantum longis, pistillo stylo carente, et ovario pilis rigidis barbellatis tecto valde insignis est, et cum his characteribus a speciebus ceteris ser. Impeditarum praeclare differt. In speciebus ceteris hujus seriei, petala obovata, ovata, suborbicularia vel elliptica 1.2-3.6 cm lata,  stamina numerosa pistillo longiora vel eo aequilonga, filamenta 4-10 mm longa, pistillum stylo praeditum, et ovarium setis haud barbellatis tectum est.

Small monocarpic herb. Root unseen. Leaves numerous, all basal; blades thinly papery, narrow-ovate, narrow-obovate or oblanceolate, 1.5-3.5 × 0.8-1 cm, apex acute, base attenuate into linear petiole, margin entire; surfaces adaxially and abaxially densely appressed- hirsute,  with hairs simple,  whitish,  2-4 mm long; midrib adaxially flat, abaxially prominent; petioles flattened, linear,  1.5-3.5 cm long, below braodened, adaxially and abaxially appressed-hirsute. Scape solitary, ca. 19 cm tall,  2 mm in diam., densely and retrorsely hirsute, with hairs simple,  yellowith, 2-4.5 mm long. Flower solitary and terminal on scape apex, upwards  facing, ca. 8 cm in diam. Sepals caducous, unseen. Petals 5, red-purple (according to the field notes of holotype), thinly membranous, lanceolate-linear, at base braodened, ca. 5 cm long. at base ca. 7 mm broad, and above the middle 4-7 mm broad, apex truncate-rounded. Stamens ca. 20, 3-7 mm long, glabrous; filaments whitish, linear or oblong, 1-5 mm long; anthers  oblong, 1.8-2.4 × 0.8-1.1 mm. Pistill slightly longer than the longest stamens; ovary depressed-globose, ca. 6×7 mm, densely appressed-hirsute, with hairs antrorse, yellowith, barbellate, 1.5-2 mm long; style absent; stigma slightly smaller than the ovary, in dried state dark-blue, subglobose, ca. 5.5 mm in diam., smooth, glabrous.

青海( Qinghai ):  玉樹县 ,上巴塘,熊羌沟(Yushu Xian, Shangbatang, Xiongqiang Valley), alt. 4 700  m, 高山草甸(on alpine meadow),花红紫色(fls. red-purple), 1964-06-20, 采集人名字不详(collectors name unknown)116 ( holotype , PE) 。

本种为一次结果小草本植物,叶多数全部基生,被无短毛的毛,叶丛小,不常绿,花单生于基生花葶(被无短毛的毛)的顶端,雄蕊花丝条形;根据这些特征,按照Grey-Wilson的绿绒蒿属分类系统,本种当隶属于琴叶绿绒蒿亚属、滇西绿绒蒿组、滇西绿绒蒿系[subgen. Cummisia (Prain) Grey-Wilson, sect. Impeditae Grey-Wilson, ser. Impeditae ]。在ser. Impeditae中的本种与此系的其他种的区别在于本种的花瓣呈披针状条形、宽4~7 mm,雄蕊数目较少(约20),花丝较短小、长1~5 mm,雌蕊无花柱,子房被具短毛的硬毛(barbellate hairs)。在ser. Impeditae中的其他种,花瓣呈倒卵形、卵形、近圆形或椭圆形,宽1.2~3.6 cm, 雄蕊比雌蕊长或等长,花丝长4~10 mm,雌蕊具花柱,子房被无短毛的刚毛(bristles ) (Grey-Wilson, 2014)。

在2016年3月期间,当我在PE观察绿绒蒿属已定名标本的过程中,发现本种的holotype在1977年被误定为Meconopsis napaulensis DC., 根据Grey-Wilson于2014年所编写出版的绿绒蒿属专著,M. napaulensis 为尼泊尔特产,在中国不产,其叶基生并茎生,羽状全裂或羽状深裂,与茎均被具短毛的硬毛,花组成圆锥花序,每朵花具4片黄色呈倒卵形的花瓣,与本种大不相同。

致谢  深切感谢孙英宝先生为本文绘图。

参考文献:

GR EY-WILSON C,  2014. The genus Meconopsis-Blue poppies and their relatives[M]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.

ZHANG ML, GREY-WILSON C,  2008. Meconopsis Vig [M]//WU ZY,RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 7: 262- 278.

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